महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-166, verse-20

सर्व एव महात्मानः शालस्कन्धा इवोद्गताः ।
प्रादेशेनाधिकाः पुम्भिरन्यैस्ते च प्रमाणतः ॥२०॥

20. sarva eva mahātmānaḥ śālaskandhā ivodgatāḥ ,
prādeśenādhikāḥ pumbhiranyaiste ca pramāṇataḥ.

20. sarve eva mahātmānaḥ śālaskandhāḥ iva udgatāḥ
prādeśena adhikāḥ pumbhiḥ anyaiḥ te ca pramāṇataḥ

20. sarve eva mahātmānaḥ śālaskandhāḥ iva udgatāḥ te
ca anyaiḥ pumbhiḥ prādeśena pramāṇataḥ adhikāḥ

20. All these great-souled men (mahātmānaḥ) stood out like tall śāla trees (śālaskandhāḥ), taller than other men by a span in their stature.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

• महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great-souled men (mahātmānaḥ) (great-souled men, noble persons)

• शालस्कन्धाः (śālaskandhāḥ) - trees with strong trunks (śālaskandhāḥ) (having trunks like śāla trees)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• उद्गताः (udgatāḥ) - arisen, grown up, tall, prominent

• प्रादेशेन (prādeśena) - by a span, by the measure of a span

• अधिकाः (adhikāḥ) - greater, superior, more, additional

• पुम्भिः (pumbhiḥ) - by men, than men

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others, by other

• ते (te) - they

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रमाणतः (pramāṇataḥ) - in measure, in stature, according to standard

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

(indeclinable)

महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great-souled men (mahātmānaḥ) (great-souled men, noble persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

शालस्कन्धाः (śālaskandhāḥ) - trees with strong trunks (śālaskandhāḥ) (having trunks like śāla trees)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śālaskandha

śālaskandha - having the trunk of a śāla tree, sturdy-bodied like a śāla tree

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śāla+skandha)

• śāla – śāla tree (Shorea robusta)
  noun (masculine)
• skandha – trunk (of a tree), shoulder, part
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes the Pāṇḍavas, referring to their strong, upright bodies.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

उद्गताः (udgatāḥ) - arisen, grown up, tall, prominent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of udgata

udgata - arisen, emerged, tall, prominent

Past Passive Participle

Formed from ud- + √gam (to go), literally 'gone up'.

Prefix: ud

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe the men.

प्रादेशेन (prādeśena) - by a span, by the measure of a span

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prādeśa

prādeśa - a span (distance from the thumb to the forefinger)

Note: Indicates the measure of difference.

अधिकाः (adhikāḥ) - greater, superior, more, additional

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhika

adhika - additional, superior, greater, more

Note: Modifies 'mahātmānaḥ'.

पुम्भिः (pumbhiḥ) - by men, than men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of puṃs

puṁs - man, male, person

Note: Used with a comparative sense ('than other men').

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others, by other

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, different

Note: Modifies 'pumbhiḥ'.

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers back to 'mahātmānaḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

प्रमाणतः (pramāṇataḥ) - in measure, in stature, according to standard

(indeclinable)

Formed with the suffix -tas from pramāṇa.