महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-166, verse-38

संजय उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा तु भीष्मस्य राज्ञां दध्वंसिरे तदा ।
काञ्चनाङ्गदिनः पीना भुजाश्चन्दनरूषिताः ॥३८॥

38. saṁjaya uvāca ,
etacchrutvā tu bhīṣmasya rājñāṁ dadhvaṁsire tadā ,
kāñcanāṅgadinaḥ pīnā bhujāścandanarūṣitāḥ.

38. sañjayaḥ uvāca etat śrutvā tu bhīṣmasya rājñām dadhvaṃsire
tadā kāñcanāṅgadinaḥ pīnāḥ bhujāḥ ca candanarūṣitāḥ

38. sañjayaḥ uvāca tu etat bhīṣmasya (vākyam) śrutvā tadā rājñām
kāñcanāṅgadinaḥ pīnāḥ ca candanarūṣitāḥ bhujāḥ dadhvaṃsire

38. Sanjaya said: Upon hearing Bhishma's words, the kings' stout arms, adorned with golden armlets and smeared with sandalwood, then lost their vigor.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - these words/statement (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, moreover

• भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of the kings

• दध्वंसिरे (dadhvaṁsire) - they lost their vigor, they became limp (they fell, they perished, they were shattered)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• काञ्चनाङ्गदिनः (kāñcanāṅgadinaḥ) - having golden armlets

• पीनाः (pīnāḥ) - stout, muscular, plump, massive

• भुजाः (bhujāḥ) - arms

• च (ca) - and

• चन्दनरूषिताः (candanarūṣitāḥ) - smeared with sandalwood paste

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer), victorious

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - these words/statement (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root √śru with -tvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, moreover

(indeclinable)

भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru elder), terrible, formidable

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of the kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

दध्वंसिरे (dadhvaṁsire) - they lost their vigor, they became limp (they fell, they perished, they were shattered)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of dhvaṃs

Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

काञ्चनाङ्गदिनः (kāñcanāṅgadinaḥ) - having golden armlets

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāñcanāṅgadin

kāñcanāṅgadin - having golden armlets or bracelets

Derived from kāñcanāṅgada (golden armlet) with possessive suffix -in

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kāñcanāṅgada+in)

• kāñcana – golden, made of gold, gold
  adjective (neuter)
• aṅgada – armlet, bracelet, an ornament for the arm
  noun (neuter)

पीनाः (pīnāḥ) - stout, muscular, plump, massive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pīna

pīna - fat, plump, muscular, strong, massive

Past Passive Participle (from √pī, to swell, be fat)

Root: pī (class 4)

भुजाः (bhujāḥ) - arms

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bhujā

bhujā - arm, hand, shoulder

Note: Although bhujā is feminine, when referring to body parts of warriors, it often takes masculine agreement in plural.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

चन्दनरूषिताः (candanarūṣitāḥ) - smeared with sandalwood paste

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of candanarūṣita

candanarūṣita - smeared with sandalwood

Past Passive Participle

Compound (Tatpurusha) 'rūṣita by candana'. Rūṣita is P.P.P. of √rūṣ (to smear).

Compound type : instrumental tatpurusha (candana+rūṣita)

• candana – sandalwood, sandalwood paste
  noun (neuter)
• rūṣita – smeared, adorned, painted
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √rūṣ (to smear, anoint)
  Root: rūṣ (class 1)