महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-166, verse-14

भीष्म उवाच ।
एते रथास्ते संख्यातास्तथैवातिरथा नृप ।
ये चाप्यर्धरथा राजन्पाण्डवानामतः शृणु ॥१४॥

14. bhīṣma uvāca ,
ete rathāste saṁkhyātāstathaivātirathā nṛpa ,
ye cāpyardharathā rājanpāṇḍavānāmataḥ śṛṇu.

14. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca ete rathāḥ te saṃkhyātāḥ tathā eva atirathāḥ
nṛpa ye ca api ardharathāḥ rājan pāṇḍavānām ataḥ śṛṇu

14. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca nṛpa te ete rathāḥ tathā eva atirathāḥ
saṃkhyātāḥ rājan ataḥ pāṇḍavānām ye ca api ardharathāḥ śṛṇu

14. Bhishma said: 'O King (nṛpa), these charioteers and also the great charioteers (atirathāḥ) have been enumerated to you. Now, O King (rājan), listen to those who are half-charioteers (ardharathāḥ) among the Pandavas.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (name of a character)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• एते (ete) - these

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - charioteers, warriors in chariots

• ते (te) - to you, your (referring to Duryodhana)

• संख्याताः (saṁkhyātāḥ) - enumerated, counted, reckoned

• तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly, thus

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• अतिरथाः (atirathāḥ) - great charioteers, supreme warriors (capable of fighting 10,000 warriors)

• नृप (nṛpa) - O King

• ये (ye) - who, which

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अर्धरथाः (ardharathāḥ) - half-charioteers, warriors who are less than a full ratha, inferior charioteers

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, now (introducing the next part of the enumeration) (therefore, from this, now)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear, listen

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (name of a character)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a character in the Mahabharata), terrible, formidable

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root: vac (class 2)

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

रथाः (rathāḥ) - charioteers, warriors in chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, charioteer, warrior in a chariot

ते (te) - to you, your (referring to Duryodhana)

(pronoun)

singular of tvad

tvad - you

संख्याताः (saṁkhyātāḥ) - enumerated, counted, reckoned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃkhyāta

saṁkhyāta - enumerated, counted, reckoned

Past Passive Participle

From sam-khyā (to count, to enumerate)

Prefix: sam

Root: khyā (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - likewise, similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

अतिरथाः (atirathāḥ) - great charioteers, supreme warriors (capable of fighting 10,000 warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of atiratha

atiratha - great charioteer, a warrior who can contend with ten thousand warriors

नृप (nṛpa) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

ये (ye) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ya

ya - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अर्धरथाः (ardharathāḥ) - half-charioteers, warriors who are less than a full ratha, inferior charioteers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ardharatha

ardharatha - half-charioteer, warrior of inferior rank (often one who flees or has defects)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ardha+ratha)

• ardha – half, part
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, charioteer
  noun (masculine)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, a Pandava

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, now (introducing the next part of the enumeration) (therefore, from this, now)

(indeclinable)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear, listen

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative Mood

Root: śru (class 5)