महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-158, verse-8

द्वादशैव तु वर्षाणि वने धिष्ण्याद्विवासिताः ।
संवत्सरं विराटस्य दास्यमास्थाय चोषिताः ॥८॥

8. dvādaśaiva tu varṣāṇi vane dhiṣṇyādvivāsitāḥ ,
saṁvatsaraṁ virāṭasya dāsyamāsthāya coṣitāḥ.

8. dvādaśa eva tu varṣāṇi vane dhiṣṇyāt vivāsitāḥ
| saṃvatsaram virāṭasya dāsyam āsthāya ca uṣitāḥ

8. dvādaśa varṣāṇi eva tu vane dhiṣṇyāt vivāsitāḥ (yūyam)
virāṭasya dāsyam āsthāya ca saṃvatsaram uṣitāḥ (yūyam)

8. Indeed, for twelve years (varṣāṇi) you were exiled from your abode (dhiṣṇya) in the forest (vane). And you lived for a year (saṃvatsaram) by taking up servitude (dāsya) under Virāṭa.

Words meanings summery:

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, exactly

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed, then

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• वने (vane) - in the forest

• धिष्ण्यात् (dhiṣṇyāt) - from the abode, from the dwelling

• विवासिताः (vivāsitāḥ) - exiled, expelled

• संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a year, throughout the year

• विराटस्य (virāṭasya) - of King Virāṭa, under whom the Pāṇḍavas lived incognito (of Virāṭa)

• दास्यम् (dāsyam) - servitude, slavery

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having taken up, having resorted to, having adopted

• च (ca) - and, also

• उषिताः (uṣitāḥ) - dwelt, lived, resided

Words meanings and morphology

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral)

Note: Often treated as indeclinable or having declensions for all genders.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, exactly

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed, then

(indeclinable)

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, rainy season

Note: Accusative case used to denote duration of time.

वने (vane) - in the forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

धिष्ण्यात् (dhiṣṇyāt) - from the abode, from the dwelling

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dhiṣṇya

dhiṣṇya - abode, dwelling, residence, seat

विवासिताः (vivāsitāḥ) - exiled, expelled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vivāsita

vivāsita - exiled, banished, driven out, sent away

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √vas (to dwell, live) with the prefix vi- and the causative suffix, then the past passive participle suffix -ta.

Prefix: vi

Root: √vas (class 1)

संवत्सरम् (saṁvatsaram) - for a year, throughout the year

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year

Note: Accusative case used to denote duration of time.

विराटस्य (virāṭasya) - of King Virāṭa, under whom the Pāṇḍavas lived incognito (of Virāṭa)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - Virāṭa (name of a king)

दास्यम् (dāsyam) - servitude, slavery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāsya

dāsya - servitude, slavery, service

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having taken up, having resorted to, having adopted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of the root √sthā (to stand) with the prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: √sthā (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उषिताः (uṣitāḥ) - dwelt, lived, resided

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of uṣita

uṣita - dwelt, lived, resided

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √vas (to dwell, live).

Root: √vas (class 1)