महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-158, verse-23

अकत्थमानो युध्यस्व कत्थसेऽर्जुन किं बहु ।
पर्यायात्सिद्धिरेतस्य नैतत्सिध्यति कत्थनात् ॥२३॥

23. akatthamāno yudhyasva katthase'rjuna kiṁ bahu ,
paryāyātsiddhiretasya naitatsidhyati katthanāt.

23. akatthamānaḥ yudhyasva katthase arjuna kim bahu
paryāyāt siddhiḥ etasya na etat sidhyati katthānāt

23. arjuna akatthamānaḥ yudhyasva.
kim bahu katthase? etasya siddhiḥ paryāyāt [bhavati].
etat katthānāt na sidhyati.

23. Fight without boasting, Arjuna. Why do you boast so much? Success for this endeavor comes in due course; it is not achieved by mere boasting.

Words meanings summery:

• अकत्थमानः (akatthamānaḥ) - not boasting, without boasting

• युध्यस्व (yudhyasva) - fight, contend

• कत्थसे (katthase) - you boast, you praise yourself

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (a proper name)

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

• बहु (bahu) - so much (much, many, very)

• पर्यायात् (paryāyāt) - in due course (by turn, in due course, in succession)

• सिद्धिः (siddhiḥ) - success (success, accomplishment, attainment)

• एतस्य (etasya) - for this (endeavor) (of this, for this)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to success) (this, it)

• सिध्यति (sidhyati) - is achieved (succeeds, is accomplished, comes to pass)

• कत्थानात् (katthānāt) - by boasting (from boasting, by boasting)

Words meanings and morphology

अकत्थमानः (akatthamānaḥ) - not boasting, without boasting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akatthamāna

akatthamāna - not boasting, refraining from boasting

Present Participle, active

Derived from root √kath (to praise, to boast) with prefix a- (negation) and suffix -māna (present participle, middle voice form used here as active).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+katthamāna)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• katthamāna – boasting, praising oneself
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Participle, middle
  Derived from root √katth (to praise, to boast) with suffix -māna.
  Root: katth (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adverbial modifier.

युध्यस्व (yudhyasva) - fight, contend

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

कत्थसे (katthase) - you boast, you praise yourself

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of katth

Root: katth (class 1)

Note: The root 'katth' is specifically used in the middle voice.

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of Pāṇḍu's third son); white, clear

किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an interrogative adverb.

बहु (bahu) - so much (much, many, very)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here used adverbially modifying 'katthase'.

पर्यायात् (paryāyāt) - in due course (by turn, in due course, in succession)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of paryāya

paryāya - turn, course, succession, alternative

Root: i (class 2)

सिद्धिः (siddhiḥ) - success (success, accomplishment, attainment)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of siddhi

siddhi - success, accomplishment, attainment, perfection

From root √sidh (to succeed, accomplish).

Root: sidh (class 4)

एतस्य (etasya) - for this (endeavor) (of this, for this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (pronoun)

Note: Refers to the outcome of the fight/endeavor.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to success) (this, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (pronoun)

सिध्यति (sidhyati) - is achieved (succeeds, is accomplished, comes to pass)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sidh

Root: sidh (class 4)

Note: Used in an intransitive sense.

कत्थानात् (katthānāt) - by boasting (from boasting, by boasting)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of katthāna

katthāna - boasting, praise of oneself

From root √katth + ana suffix.

Root: katth (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause or means.