महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-158, verse-33

एवमेव सदा दण्डं क्षत्रियाः क्षत्रिये दधुः ।
श्रेण्यां कक्ष्यां च वेण्यां च संयुगे यः पलायते ॥३३॥

33. evameva sadā daṇḍaṁ kṣatriyāḥ kṣatriye dadhuḥ ,
śreṇyāṁ kakṣyāṁ ca veṇyāṁ ca saṁyuge yaḥ palāyate.

33. evam eva sadā daṇḍam kṣatriyāḥ kṣatriye dadhuḥ
śreṇyām kakṣyām ca veṇyām ca saṃyuge yaḥ palāyate

33. yaḥ kṣatriyaḥ saṃyuge palāyate kṣatriyāḥ evam eva sadā
daṇḍam kṣatriye dadhuḥ śreṇyām ca kakṣyām ca veṇyām ca

33. In this very manner, kṣatriyas should always inflict punishment (daṇḍam) upon a kṣatriya who flees in battle (saṃyuge), (by marking him) on the waist-string (śreṇyām), on the waistband (kakṣyām), and on the braid (veṇyām).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

• दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment, rod, staff, sceptre

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - warriors, kṣatriyas, members of the warrior class

• क्षत्रिये (kṣatriye) - to a kṣatriya, for a kṣatriya

• दधुः (dadhuḥ) - they should inflict (used in an injunctive sense of perfect tense) (they placed, they held, they inflicted)

• श्रेण्याम् (śreṇyām) - on the waist-string or girdle as a mark of shame (on the line, on the row, on the class, on the girdle/waist-string)

• कक्ष्याम् (kakṣyām) - on the waistband as a mark of shame (on the girdle, on the waistband, on the loin-cloth)

• च (ca) - and, also

• वेण्याम् (veṇyām) - on the braid of hair, as a mark of shame (recalling Arjuna's disguise) (on the braid)

• च (ca) - and, also

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat, in conflict

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

• पलायते (palāyate) - flees, runs away, retreats

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very

(indeclinable)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, perpetually

(indeclinable)

दण्डम् (daṇḍam) - punishment, rod, staff, sceptre

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - rod, staff, punishment, chastisement, penalty, army, pillar

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - warriors, kṣatriyas, members of the warrior class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - warrior, ruler, member of the second social class, kṣatriya

क्षत्रिये (kṣatriye) - to a kṣatriya, for a kṣatriya

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - warrior, ruler, member of the second social class, kṣatriya

दधुः (dadhuḥ) - they should inflict (used in an injunctive sense of perfect tense) (they placed, they held, they inflicted)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of dhā

Perfect Tense

Perfect tense (liṭ) 3rd person plural, active voice. Root dhā (class 3).

Root: dhā (class 3)

श्रेण्याम् (śreṇyām) - on the waist-string or girdle as a mark of shame (on the line, on the row, on the class, on the girdle/waist-string)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śreṇī

śreṇī - line, row, class, guild, girdle, waist-string

कक्ष्याम् (kakṣyām) - on the waistband as a mark of shame (on the girdle, on the waistband, on the loin-cloth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kakṣyā

kakṣyā - girdle, waistband, loin-cloth, sash

Note: Original form 'kakṣyāṃ' is accusative, but semantically, it's parallel to the locative 'śreṇyām' and 'veṇyām'. It can be understood as an implied locative or object of an implied verb like 'tie'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वेण्याम् (veṇyām) - on the braid of hair, as a mark of shame (recalling Arjuna's disguise) (on the braid)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of veṇī

veṇī - braid of hair, plaited hair, stream, channel

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, conflict, union

Compound of 'sam' (together) and 'yuga' (yoke, pair), implying 'joining together' in combat. (yoga)

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

पलायते (palāyate) - flees, runs away, retreats

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of palāy

Present tense (laṭ) 3rd person singular, middle voice. Root palāy (class 1, often taken as a denominative from palāya, or from pra-ā-i with 'i' as root to go).

Root: i (class 2)