महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-158, verse-24

यदीदं कत्थनात्सिध्येत्कर्म लोके धनंजय ।
सर्वे भवेयुः सिद्धार्था बहु कत्थेत दुर्गतः ॥२४॥

24. yadīdaṁ katthanātsidhyetkarma loke dhanaṁjaya ,
sarve bhaveyuḥ siddhārthā bahu kattheta durgataḥ.

24. yadi idam katthānāt sidhyet karma loke dhanañjaya
sarve bhaveyuḥ siddhārthāḥ bahu kattheta durgataḥ

24. dhanañjaya,
yadi idam karma loke katthānāt sidhyet,
[tarhi] sarve siddhārthāḥ bhaveyuḥ,
durgataḥ [api] bahu kattheta.

24. O Dhananjaya, if action (karma) in this world were to be accomplished by mere boasting, then everyone would become successful, and even the distressed would boast profusely.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to action/endeavor) (this, it)

• कत्थानात् (katthānāt) - by mere boasting (from boasting, by boasting)

• सिध्येत् (sidhyet) - were to be accomplished (would succeed, would be accomplished)

• कर्म (karma) - action, undertaking (karma) (action, work, deed, religious rite)

• लोके (loke) - in this world (in the world, among people)

• धनञ्जय (dhanañjaya) - O Dhananjaya (Arjuna) (O conqueror of wealth (an epithet of Arjuna))

• सर्वे (sarve) - everyone, all people (all, everyone)

• भवेयुः (bhaveyuḥ) - would become (would be, would become)

• सिद्धार्थाः (siddhārthāḥ) - successful (successful, accomplished in purpose)

• बहु (bahu) - profusely, greatly (much, greatly, profusely)

• कत्थेत (kattheta) - would boast (would boast, would praise oneself)

• दुर्गतः (durgataḥ) - the distressed (person) (one in distress, poor, miserable)

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to action/endeavor) (this, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, that (pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'karma'.

कत्थानात् (katthānāt) - by mere boasting (from boasting, by boasting)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of katthāna

katthāna - boasting, praise of oneself

From root √katth + ana suffix.

Root: katth (class 1)

Note: Denotes the means or cause.

सिध्येत् (sidhyet) - were to be accomplished (would succeed, would be accomplished)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of sidh

Root: sidh (class 4)

Note: Expresses a hypothetical condition.

कर्म (karma) - action, undertaking (karma) (action, work, deed, religious rite)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, work, deed, religious rite, consequence of action (karma)

From root √kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Here it refers to an endeavor or a task.

लोके (loke) - in this world (in the world, among people)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, region

धनञ्जय (dhanañjaya) - O Dhananjaya (Arjuna) (O conqueror of wealth (an epithet of Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth, fire; an epithet of Arjuna

Compound of 'dhana' (wealth) and 'jaya' (conqueror).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root √ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Addressing Arjuna.

सर्वे (sarve) - everyone, all people (all, everyone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

भवेयुः (bhaveyuḥ) - would become (would be, would become)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses a hypothetical consequence.

सिद्धार्थाः (siddhārthāḥ) - successful (successful, accomplished in purpose)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of siddhārtha

siddhārtha - one whose object is attained, successful, accomplished in purpose

Compound of 'siddha' (accomplished) and 'artha' (purpose/object).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (siddha+artha)

• siddha – accomplished, perfected, realized
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √sidh (to succeed, accomplish)
  Root: sidh (class 4)
• artha – purpose, object, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'sarve'.

बहु (bahu) - profusely, greatly (much, greatly, profusely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'kattheta'.

कत्थेत (kattheta) - would boast (would boast, would praise oneself)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of katth

Root: katth (class 1)

Note: Expresses a hypothetical consequence.

दुर्गतः (durgataḥ) - the distressed (person) (one in distress, poor, miserable)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durgata

durgata - in distress, poor, miserable, unfortunate

Past Passive Participle

Derived from dus- (bad) + √gam (to go) + kta suffix. 'gone badly'.

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (dus+gata)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• gata – gone, attained, passed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'kattheta'.