महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-158, verse-13

द्रोणं च युध्यतां श्रेष्ठं शचीपतिसमं युधि ।
अजित्वा संयुगे पार्थ राज्यं कथमिहेच्छसि ॥१३॥

13. droṇaṁ ca yudhyatāṁ śreṣṭhaṁ śacīpatisamaṁ yudhi ,
ajitvā saṁyuge pārtha rājyaṁ kathamihecchasi.

13. droṇam ca yudhyatām śreṣṭham śacīpatisamam yudhi
ajitvā saṃyuge pārtha rājyam katham iha icchasi

13. pārtha,
yudhyatām śreṣṭham,
yudhi śacīpatisamam droṇam ca saṃyuge ajitvā,
iha rājyam katham icchasi?

13. And how do you, O Pārtha, desire the kingdom here without having conquered Droṇa—the best among fighters, equal to Indra (Śacīpati) in battle—in combat?

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇācārya, the respected preceptor of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas. (Droṇa (name of the preceptor).)

• च (ca) - and, also.

• युध्यताम् (yudhyatām) - among fighters, among those who fight.

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best, most excellent.

• शचीपतिसमम् (śacīpatisamam) - Equal to Indra, the king of gods. (equal to Śacīpati (Indra).)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight.

• अजित्वा (ajitvā) - without conquering, without defeating.

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat.

• पार्थ (pārtha) - Refers to Karṇa, foreshadowing his true lineage as a son of Pṛthā, though unknown to Duryodhana. (O Pārtha (son of Pṛthā).)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty.

• कथम् (katham) - how?, why?

• इह (iha) - here, in this world.

• इच्छसि (icchasi) - you desire, you wish.

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇācārya, the respected preceptor of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas. (Droṇa (name of the preceptor).)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor and warrior in Mahābhārata).

Note: Object of `ajitvā`.

च (ca) - and, also.

(indeclinable)

Note: Joins Droṇa with implicit previous great warriors (like Bhīṣma from previous verse).

युध्यताम् (yudhyatām) - among fighters, among those who fight.

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yudhyat

yudhyat - fighting, fighter, warrior.

Present Active Participle

Present participle of root `yudh` (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Used in a superlative sense with `śreṣṭham`.

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best, most excellent.

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief, superior.

Superlative form from `praśasya` (praise-worthy).

Note: Agrees with `droṇam`.

शचीपतिसमम् (śacīpatisamam) - Equal to Indra, the king of gods. (equal to Śacīpati (Indra).)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śacīpatisama

śacīpatisama - equal to the husband of Śacī (Indra).

Compound of `śacīpati` and `sama`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śacīpati+sama)

• śacīpati – husband of Śacī, an epithet of Indra.
  proper noun (masculine)
  `śacī` (name of Indra's wife) + `pati` (lord, husband).
• sama – equal, similar, like.
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `droṇam`.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight.

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war.

From root `yudh`.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies `śacīpatisamam`.

अजित्वा (ajitvā) - without conquering, without defeating.

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive)

Negative gerund from root `ji` (to conquer) with prefix `a-`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jitvā)

• a – not, un-.
  indeclinable
• jitvā – having conquered, having defeated.
  indeclinable
  Gerund (absolutive)
  From root `ji`.
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Governs `droṇam`.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat.

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, war, conflict.

From `sam` + `yuj`.

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies `ajitvā`.

पार्थ (pārtha) - Refers to Karṇa, foreshadowing his true lineage as a son of Pṛthā, though unknown to Duryodhana. (O Pārtha (son of Pṛthā).)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā; often Arjuna, but can be a general term for a prince/hero.

From Pṛthā (Kuntī) + `aṇ` suffix.

Note: Direct address to Karṇa.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty.

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, rule.

From `rājan` (king) + `ya` suffix.

Note: Object of `icchasi`.

कथम् (katham) - how?, why?

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies `icchasi`.

इह (iha) - here, in this world.

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies `icchasi`.

इच्छसि (icchasi) - you desire, you wish.

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Tense, Active Voice.

Second person singular present tense active voice.

Root: iṣ (class 6)