महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-158, verse-18

कथमाभ्यामभिध्यातः संसृष्टो दारुणेन वा ।
रणे जीवन्विमुच्येत पदा भूमिमुपस्पृशन् ॥१८॥

18. kathamābhyāmabhidhyātaḥ saṁsṛṣṭo dāruṇena vā ,
raṇe jīvanvimucyeta padā bhūmimupaspṛśan.

18. katham ābhyām abhidhyātaḥ saṃsṛṣṭaḥ dāruṇena
vā raṇe jīvan vimucyeta padā bhūmim upaspṛśan

18. katham ābhyām abhidhyātaḥ vā dāruṇena saṃsṛṣṭaḥ
kascit jīvan padā bhūmim upaspṛśan raṇe vimucyeta

18. How could anyone, targeted by these two (Droṇa and Karṇa), or engaged in battle with a fierce (enemy), escape alive from the battlefield, still touching the ground with their feet?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how? (how? why?)

• आभ्याम् (ābhyām) - by Droṇa and Karṇa (implied context) (by/from these two)

• अभिध्यातः (abhidhyātaḥ) - targeted (by an opponent) (thought of, aimed at, meditated upon)

• संसृष्टः (saṁsṛṣṭaḥ) - engaged in battle with (joined with, engaged with, mixed with)

• दारुणेन (dāruṇena) - by a fierce (enemy) (by a fierce one, by a terrible one)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• जीवन् (jīvan) - living, remaining alive

• विमुच्येत (vimucyeta) - might escape (alive) (might be liberated, might escape)

• पदा (padā) - with one's feet (by foot, with foot)

• भूमिम् (bhūmim) - earth, ground, land

• उपस्पृशन् (upaspṛśan) - touching (the ground) (touching, reaching)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how? (how? why?)

(indeclinable)

From kim (what) with suffix -tham

आभ्याम् (ābhyām) - by Droṇa and Karṇa (implied context) (by/from these two)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to the two powerful opponents.

अभिध्यातः (abhidhyātaḥ) - targeted (by an opponent) (thought of, aimed at, meditated upon)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhidhyāta

abhidhyāta - thought of, wished, contemplated

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of √dhyā (to think, meditate) with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhyā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implicit subject (e.g., 'a person').

संसृष्टः (saṁsṛṣṭaḥ) - engaged in battle with (joined with, engaged with, mixed with)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsṛṣṭa

saṁsṛṣṭa - joined, mixed, engaged

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of √sṛj (to create, emit) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies an implicit subject (e.g., 'a person').

दारुणेन (dāruṇena) - by a fierce (enemy) (by a fierce one, by a terrible one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - fierce, dreadful, cruel

Note: Agent of 'saṃsṛṣṭaḥ'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

From √raṇ (to rejoice, be glad, sound)

Root: raṇ (class 1)

जीवन् (jīvan) - living, remaining alive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √jīv (to live), nominative singular masculine

Root: jīv (class 1)

विमुच्येत (vimucyeta) - might escape (alive) (might be liberated, might escape)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vimuc

Optative Passive

Optative 3rd person singular passive of √muc (to free) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

पदा (padā) - with one's feet (by foot, with foot)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pad

pad - foot, step

Note: The singular 'padā' here, often used idiomatically as 'on foot' or 'with one's feet'.

भूमिम् (bhūmim) - earth, ground, land

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

Root: bhū (class 1)

उपस्पृशन् (upaspṛśan) - touching (the ground) (touching, reaching)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upaspṛśat

spṛś - to touch

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √spṛś (to touch) with prefix upa, nominative singular masculine

Prefix: upa

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Agrees with the implicit subject of 'vimucyeta'.