महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-145, verse-7

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
तस्मिन्नुत्पथमापन्ने कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः ।
किमुक्तवान्हृषीकेश दुर्योधनममर्षणम् ।
आचार्यो वा महाबाहो भारद्वाजः किमब्रवीत् ॥७॥

7. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
tasminnutpathamāpanne kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ ,
kimuktavānhṛṣīkeśa duryodhanamamarṣaṇam ,
ācāryo vā mahābāho bhāradvājaḥ kimabravīt.

7. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca tasmin utpatham āpanne
kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ kim uktavān
hṛṣīkeśa duryodhanam amarṣaṇam ācāryaḥ
vā mahābāho bhāradvājaḥ kim abravīt

7. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: hṛṣīkeśa,
tasmin utpatham āpanne,
kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ amarṣaṇam duryodhanam kim uktavān? vā mahābāho,
ācāryaḥ bhāradvājaḥ kim abravīt?

7. Yudhishthira said: O Hrishikesha (hṛṣīkeśa), when he (Duryodhana) had adopted the wrong path, what did the elder of the Kurus, the grandsire (Bhishma), say to that impatient Duryodhana? Or, O mighty-armed one, what did the preceptor, Drona (Bhāradvāja), say?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - Refers to Duryodhana, indicating the time when he adopted the wrong path. (in him, to him, when he (Duryodhana))

• उत्पथम् (utpatham) - wrong path, evil course, misdeed

• आपन्ने (āpanne) - having attained, having adopted, having fallen into

• कुरुवृद्धः (kuruvṛddhaḥ) - Refers to Bhishma, the patriarch of the Kuru dynasty. (the elder of the Kurus)

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - Referring to Bhishma. (grandfather, grandsire)

• किम् (kim) - what?

• उक्तवान् (uktavān) - he said, he spoke

• हृषीकेश (hṛṣīkeśa) - An epithet for Krishna. (O lord of the senses, O Hrishikesha)

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - to Duryodhana

• अमर्षणम् (amarṣaṇam) - impatient, intolerant, irascible

• आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - Referring to Drona, the teacher of the Kuru princes. (the preceptor, teacher)

• वा (vā) - or

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - An epithet for Krishna. (O mighty-armed one)

• भारद्वाजः (bhāradvājaḥ) - Referring to Drona, the son of Rishi Bharadvaja. (son of Bharadvaja)

• किम् (kim) - what?

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira, steady in battle

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - Refers to Duryodhana, indicating the time when he adopted the wrong path. (in him, to him, when he (Duryodhana))

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

उत्पथम् (utpatham) - wrong path, evil course, misdeed

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of utpatha

utpatha - wrong way, bad road, evil course

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ut+patha)

• ut – up, out, away, bad (prefix)
  indeclinable
• patha – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)

आपन्ने (āpanne) - having attained, having adopted, having fallen into

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - obtained, fallen into, adopted, reached

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

कुरुवृद्धः (kuruvṛddhaḥ) - Refers to Bhishma, the patriarch of the Kuru dynasty. (the elder of the Kurus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuruvṛddha

kuruvṛddha - an elder of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+vṛddha)

• kuru – of the Kurus (ancient Indian tribe/dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vṛddha – old, aged, elder
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - Referring to Bhishma. (grandfather, grandsire)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, paternal grandfather; Brahma (as world-grandsire)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

उक्तवान् (uktavān) - he said, he spoke

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uktavat

uktavat - one who has said/spoken

Past Active Participle

Root: vac (class 2)

हृषीकेश (hṛṣīkeśa) - An epithet for Krishna. (O lord of the senses, O Hrishikesha)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of hṛṣīkeśa

hṛṣīkeśa - master of the senses; an epithet of Vishnu/Krishna

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛṣīka+īśa)

• hṛṣīka – sense, organ of sense
  noun (neuter)
• īśa – lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - to Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name, son of Dhritarashtra, difficult to fight)

अमर्षणम् (amarṣaṇam) - impatient, intolerant, irascible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amarṣaṇa

amarṣaṇa - impatient, intolerant, irascible, unforgiving

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+marṣaṇa)

• a – not, non- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• marṣaṇa – enduring, patient, forgiving
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root √mṛṣ (to bear, endure)
  Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

आचार्यः (ācāryaḥ) - Referring to Drona, the teacher of the Kuru princes. (the preceptor, teacher)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - An epithet for Krishna. (O mighty-armed one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - great-armed, mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+bāhu)

• mahat – great, mighty, large
  adjective (masculine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

भारद्वाजः (bhāradvājaḥ) - Referring to Drona, the son of Rishi Bharadvaja. (son of Bharadvaja)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāradvāja

bhāradvāja - descendant of Bharadvaja; Drona

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √brū

Root: brū (class 2)