महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-145, verse-23

ततो रामेण समरे द्वन्द्वयुद्धमुपागमम् ।
स हि रामभयादेभिर्नागरैर्विप्रवासितः ।
दारेष्वतिप्रसक्तश्च यक्ष्माणं समपद्यत ॥२३॥

23. tato rāmeṇa samare dvandvayuddhamupāgamam ,
sa hi rāmabhayādebhirnāgarairvipravāsitaḥ ,
dāreṣvatiprasaktaśca yakṣmāṇaṁ samapadyata.

23. tataḥ rāmeṇa samare dvandvayuddham
upāgamam saḥ hi rāmabhayāt ebhiḥ
nāgaraiḥ vipravāsitaḥ dāreṣu
atiprasaktaḥ ca yakṣmāṇam samapadyata

23. tataḥ aham rāmeṇa samare dvandvayuddham
upāgamam hi saḥ rāmabhayāt
ebhiḥ nāgaraiḥ vipravāsitaḥ ca dāreṣu
atiprasaktaḥ yakṣmāṇam samapadyata

23. Then I engaged in a duel with Paraśurāma in battle. Indeed, he (Vicitravīrya) was banished by these citizens out of fear of Paraśurāma. And, being excessively attached to women, he contracted consumption.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, after that (then, thereafter, from there)

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by or with Paraśurāma (by Rāma, with Rāma)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• द्वन्द्वयुद्धम् (dvandvayuddham) - a duel (duel, single combat)

• उपागमम् (upāgamam) - I engaged in (a duel) (I approached, I engaged in)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Vicitravīrya) (he, that)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• रामभयात् (rāmabhayāt) - from fear of Paraśurāma (from fear of Rāma)

• एभिः (ebhiḥ) - by these (citizens) (by these)

• नागरैः (nāgaraiḥ) - by the citizens (by citizens, by townspeople)

• विप्रवासितः (vipravāsitaḥ) - was banished (banished, exiled, caused to go abroad)

• दारेषु (dāreṣu) - to women/wives (among wives, concerning wives)

• अतिप्रसक्तः (atiprasaktaḥ) - excessively attached (to women) (excessively attached, deeply engrossed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• यक्ष्माणम् (yakṣmāṇam) - consumption (consumption, wasting disease)

• समपद्यत (samapadyata) - he contracted (consumption) (he obtained, he reached, he contracted)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, after that (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

Ablative of tad, used as an adverb.

Note: Marks sequence of events.

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by or with Paraśurāma (by Rāma, with Rāma)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (name of several persons, especially Paraśurāma or Rāmacandra)

Note: Indicates agent or accompaniment.

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

Note: Denotes place or time.

द्वन्द्वयुद्धम् (dvandvayuddham) - a duel (duel, single combat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvandvayuddha

dvandvayuddha - duel, single combat

Compound of dvandva (pair, couple, conflict) and yuddha (battle, fight).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvandva+yuddha)

• dvandva – pair, couple, conflict, antagonism
  noun (neuter)
• yuddha – battle, fight, war
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √yudh (to fight).
  Root: √yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of "upāgamam".

उपागमम् (upāgamam) - I engaged in (a duel) (I approached, I engaged in)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upāgamam

Imperfect

From root √gam (to go) with prefixes upa- and ā-, imperfect first person singular.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is "aham" (implied).

सः (saḥ) - he (Vicitravīrya) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vicitravīrya.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

रामभयात् (rāmabhayāt) - from fear of Paraśurāma (from fear of Rāma)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rāmabhaya

rāmabhaya - fear of Rāma

Compound of Rāma (proper noun) and bhaya (fear).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rāma+bhaya)

• rāma – Rāma (Paraśurāma)
  proper noun (masculine)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)

Note: Denotes cause or reason.

एभिः (ebhiḥ) - by these (citizens) (by these)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to the citizens (nāgaraiḥ).

नागरैः (nāgaraiḥ) - by the citizens (by citizens, by townspeople)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nāgara

nāgara - a citizen, townsperson, urban

Derived from nagara (city).

विप्रवासितः (vipravāsitaḥ) - was banished (banished, exiled, caused to go abroad)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipravāsita

vipravāsita - banished, exiled, caused to go abroad, sent away

Past Passive Participle (Causative)

From root √vas (to dwell) with prefixes vi- and pra-, in causative form, past passive participle.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: √vas (class 1)

दारेषु (dāreṣu) - to women/wives (among wives, concerning wives)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dāra

dāra - wife (always used in masculine plural in Sanskrit)

Note: Denotes the object of attachment.

अतिप्रसक्तः (atiprasaktaḥ) - excessively attached (to women) (excessively attached, deeply engrossed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atiprasakta

atiprasakta - excessively attached, deeply engrossed, very fond of

Past Passive Participle

From root √sañj (to cling, to be attached) with prefixes ati- and pra-, past passive participle.

Prefixes: ati+pra

Root: √sañj (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two final clauses.

यक्ष्माणम् (yakṣmāṇam) - consumption (consumption, wasting disease)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yakṣman

yakṣman - consumption, tuberculosis, wasting disease

Note: Object of "samapadyata".

समपद्यत (samapadyata) - he contracted (consumption) (he obtained, he reached, he contracted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of samapadyata

Imperfect (ātmanepada)

From root √pad (to go, to fall into) with prefix sam- and ā-, imperfect third person singular ātmanepada.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: √pad (class 4)

Note: Subject is "saḥ" (Vicitravīrya).