महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-145, verse-24

यदा त्वराजके राष्ट्रे न ववर्ष सुरेश्वरः ।
तदाभ्यधावन्मामेव प्रजाः क्षुद्भयपीडिताः ॥२४॥

24. yadā tvarājake rāṣṭre na vavarṣa sureśvaraḥ ,
tadābhyadhāvanmāmeva prajāḥ kṣudbhayapīḍitāḥ.

24. yadā tu arājake rāṣṭre na vavarṣa sureśvaraḥ
tadā abhyadhāvan mām eva prajāḥ kṣudbhayapīḍitāḥ

24. yadā tu rāṣṭre arājake sureśvaraḥ na vavarṣa
tadā kṣudbhayapīḍitāḥ prajāḥ mām eva abhyadhāvan

24. But when the lord of gods (Indra) did not send rain upon the kingdom that was without a ruler, then the subjects, afflicted by hunger and fear, ran to me alone.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

• अराजके (arājake) - in a kingdom without a ruler (without a king, kingless, anarchic)

• राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in the kingdom (in the kingdom, in the state)

• न (na) - did not (not, no)

• ववर्ष (vavarṣa) - did not rain (he rained, it rained)

• सुरेश्वरः (sureśvaraḥ) - Indra, the lord of gods (lord of gods, chief of gods)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• अभ्यधावन् (abhyadhāvan) - they ran to (me) (they ran to, they hastened towards)

• माम् (mām) - me (Bhīṣma) (me)

• एव (eva) - alone, only (only, just, indeed, alone)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - the subjects (subjects, progeny, people)

• क्षुद्भयपीडिताः (kṣudbhayapīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by hunger and fear (afflicted by hunger and fear, tormented by hunger and fear)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

अराजके (arājake) - in a kingdom without a ruler (without a king, kingless, anarchic)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of arājaka

arājaka - kingless, anarchic, without a ruler

Compound of a- (negation) and rājaka (having a king).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+rājaka)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• rājaka – having a king, belonging to a king
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from rājan (king).

राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in the kingdom (in the kingdom, in the state)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, state, country, nation

Note: Denotes place.

न (na) - did not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies "vavarṣa".

ववर्ष (vavarṣa) - did not rain (he rained, it rained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vavarṣa

Perfect

From root √vṛṣ (to rain), perfect third person singular.

Root: √vṛṣ (class 1)

सुरेश्वरः (sureśvaraḥ) - Indra, the lord of gods (lord of gods, chief of gods)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sureśvara

sureśvara - lord of gods, chief of gods, Indra

Compound of sura (god) and īśvara (lord).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (sura+īśvara)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, god
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of "vavarṣa".

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

अभ्यधावन् (abhyadhāvan) - they ran to (me) (they ran to, they hastened towards)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhyadhāvan

Imperfect

From root √dhāv (to run) with prefixes abhi- and ā-, imperfect third person plural.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: √dhāv (class 1)

माम् (mām) - me (Bhīṣma) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of "abhyadhāvan".

एव (eva) - alone, only (only, just, indeed, alone)

(indeclinable)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - the subjects (subjects, progeny, people)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, people, subjects, creation

From pra-√jan (to be born, to produce).

Prefix: pra

Root: √jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of "abhyadhāvan".

क्षुद्भयपीडिताः (kṣudbhayapīḍitāḥ) - afflicted by hunger and fear (afflicted by hunger and fear, tormented by hunger and fear)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kṣudbhayapīḍita

kṣudbhayapīḍita - afflicted by hunger and fear

Compound of kṣudh (hunger), bhaya (fear), and pīḍita (afflicted, tormented, PPP of √pīḍ).

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (kṣudh+bhaya+pīḍita)

• kṣudh – hunger, appetite
  noun (feminine)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• pīḍita – afflicted, tormented, oppressed
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √pīḍ (to oppress, to torment) + ktapratyaya.
  Root: √pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Adjective modifying "prajāḥ".