महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-11, verse-37

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
स विलक्षस्तु राजेन्द्र दुर्योधनपिता तदा ।
मैत्रेयं प्राह किर्मीरः कथं भीमेन पातितः ॥३७॥

37. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
sa vilakṣastu rājendra duryodhanapitā tadā ,
maitreyaṁ prāha kirmīraḥ kathaṁ bhīmena pātitaḥ.

37. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca saḥ vilakṣaḥ tu rājendra duryodhana-pitā
tadā maitreyam prāha kirmīraḥ katham bhīmena pātitaḥ

37. Vaiśampāyana said, "But that king, the father of Duryodhana, feeling embarrassed then, asked Maitreya, 'How was Kirmīra slain by Bhīma?'"

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Sage Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (a sage's name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (he, that)

• विलक्षः (vilakṣaḥ) - embarrassed (embarrassed, ashamed, confused)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings (vocative, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (chief of kings, emperor, O king of kings)

• दुर्योधन-पिता (duryodhana-pitā) - the father of Duryodhana (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (father of Duryodhana)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• मैत्रेयम् (maitreyam) - to Maitreya (Maitreya)

• प्राह (prāha) - asked (said to) (said, spoke)

• किर्मीरः (kirmīraḥ) - Kirmīra (the demon) (Kirmīra (a demon's name))

• कथम् (katham) - how? (how? in what manner?)

• भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhīma (one of the Pāṇḍavas) (by Bhīma)

• पातितः (pātitaḥ) - slain, felled (fallen, thrown down, slain)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Sage Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (a sage's name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a proper name, the narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

from √vac, perfect 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विलक्षः (vilakṣaḥ) - embarrassed (embarrassed, ashamed, confused)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vilakṣa

vilakṣa - embarrassed, ashamed, abashed, bewildered

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' (Dhṛtarāṣṭra).

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings (vocative, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (chief of kings, emperor, O king of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, emperor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, Indra (the deity)
  noun (masculine)

दुर्योधन-पिता (duryodhana-pitā) - the father of Duryodhana (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (father of Duryodhana)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana-pitā

duryodhana-pitā - father of Duryodhana

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+pitṛ)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (a proper name, eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

मैत्रेयम् (maitreyam) - to Maitreya (Maitreya)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maitreya

maitreya - Maitreya (a proper name)

Note: Object of 'prāha'.

प्राह (prāha) - asked (said to) (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect Active

from √ah (or √brū), perfect 3rd person singular, with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

किर्मीरः (kirmīraḥ) - Kirmīra (the demon) (Kirmīra (a demon's name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kirmīra

kirmīra - Kirmīra (name of a rākṣasa)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'pātitaḥ'.

कथम् (katham) - how? (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhīma (one of the Pāṇḍavas) (by Bhīma)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (a proper name, one of the Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

पातितः (pātitaḥ) - slain, felled (fallen, thrown down, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, thrown down, slain, felled

Causative Past Passive Participle

from √pat (to fall), causative with -ita suffix. Here implies 'caused to fall' or 'killed'.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate in a passive sentence.