महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-11, verse-18

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततो व्यावृत्य राजानं दुर्योधनममर्षणम् ।
उवाच श्लक्ष्णया वाचा मैत्रेयो भगवानृषिः ॥१८॥

18. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tato vyāvṛtya rājānaṁ duryodhanamamarṣaṇam ,
uvāca ślakṣṇayā vācā maitreyo bhagavānṛṣiḥ.

18. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ vyāvṛtya rājānam duryodhanam
amarṣaṇam uvāca ślakṣṇayā vācā maitreyaḥ bhagavān ṛṣiḥ

18. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, the venerable sage Maitreya, turning towards the intolerant King Duryodhana, spoke to him with gentle words.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Sage Vaiśampāyana (narrator of the Mahabharata to Janamejaya) (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, thereupon, from that)

• व्यावृत्य (vyāvṛtya) - having turned towards (Duryodhana) (having turned towards, having approached, having turned away)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - King (Duryodhana) (king, ruler (accusative))

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince))

• अमर्षणम् (amarṣaṇam) - intolerant, easily provoked to anger (intolerant, impatient, wrathful, envious)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (said, spoke)

• श्लक्ष्णया (ślakṣṇayā) - with gentle (words) (with gentle, with soft, with smooth)

• वाचा (vācā) - with words, with speech (by speech, by words)

• मैत्रेयः (maitreyaḥ) - Sage Maitreya (who is addressing Duryodhana) (Maitreya (name of a sage))

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable, revered (venerable, glorious, divine, lord)

• ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage (sage, seer, inspired poet)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Sage Vaiśampāyana (narrator of the Mahabharata to Janamejaya) (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of the narrator of the Mahabharata)

A patronymic name, son of Vaiśampāyani.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root 'vac'. Forms its perfect with reduplication and 'a' vowel.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

An adverbial form derived from 'tad'.

व्यावृत्य (vyāvṛtya) - having turned towards (Duryodhana) (having turned towards, having approached, having turned away)

(indeclinable participle)

राजानम् (rājānam) - King (Duryodhana) (king, ruler (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Duryodhana (the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (Duryodhana (name of a Kuru prince))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name, lit. 'hard to fight with')

Compound of 'dur' (difficult) and 'yodhana' (fighter).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  prefix
  Negative/difficult prefix.
• yodhana – fighting, warrior, fighter
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'yudh' (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'vyāvṛtya' (implicitly, as the person being addressed) and 'uvāca'.

अमर्षणम् (amarṣaṇam) - intolerant, easily provoked to anger (intolerant, impatient, wrathful, envious)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amarṣaṇa

amarṣaṇa - intolerant, impatient, wrathful, envious, unable to bear

From 'a' (negative prefix) + 'marṣaṇa' (bearing, endurance), derived from root 'mṛṣ' (to endure).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+marṣaṇa)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
  Negative prefix. Form of 'na' before a consonant.
• marṣaṇa – endurance, patience, toleration
  noun (masculine)
  verbal noun / gerundive
  Derived from root 'mṛṣ' (to endure).
  Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'duryodhanam'.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root 'vac'. Forms its perfect with reduplication and 'a' vowel.

Root: vac (class 2)

श्लक्ष्णया (ślakṣṇayā) - with gentle (words) (with gentle, with soft, with smooth)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of ślakṣṇa

ślakṣṇa - smooth, soft, gentle, delicate, fine

Root: ślakṣ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vācā'.

वाचा (vācā) - with words, with speech (by speech, by words)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, word, voice, language

Root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

मैत्रेयः (maitreyaḥ) - Sage Maitreya (who is addressing Duryodhana) (Maitreya (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maitreya

maitreya - Maitreya (proper name, 'friendly', 'benevolent', 'son of Mitrā')

Patronymic from 'mitra' (friend) or 'Mitrā'.

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - venerable, revered (venerable, glorious, divine, lord)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - possessing fortune, glorious, divine, revered, Lord

From 'bhaga' (fortune) + 'vat' (possessing suffix). Often used as an honorific prefix to names of deities or revered persons.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'ṛṣiḥ' and 'maitreyaḥ'.

ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage (sage, seer, inspired poet)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, Vedic singer

From root 'ṛṣ' (to go, to move).

Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Maitreya.