महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-11, verse-19

दुर्योधन महाबाहो निबोध वदतां वर ।
वचनं मे महाप्राज्ञ ब्रुवतो यद्धितं तव ॥१९॥

19. duryodhana mahābāho nibodha vadatāṁ vara ,
vacanaṁ me mahāprājña bruvato yaddhitaṁ tava.

19. duryodhana mahābāho nibodha vadatām vara
vacanam me mahāprājña bruvataḥ yat hitam tava

19. O Duryodhana, O mighty-armed one, O best among speakers and greatly wise one, please listen to my words, which are for your benefit, as I speak them.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - O Duryodhana (vocative address by Maitreya) (O Duryodhana)

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one (vocative, epithet for strong warriors) (O mighty-armed one)

• निबोध (nibodha) - listen, pay attention (understand, know, perceive, listen)

• वदताम् (vadatām) - among those who speak (of those speaking, among speakers)

• वर (vara) - O best (vocative, epithet for Duryodhana) (O best, O excellent one)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - my words, instruction (word, speech, saying)

• मे (me) - my (words) (my, to me, for me)

• महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O greatly wise one (vocative, epithet for Duryodhana) (O greatly wise one, O highly intelligent one)

• ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - as I speak (Maitreya speaking) (of one speaking, while speaking, from one speaking)

• यत् (yat) - which (refers to 'vacanam') (which, that which)

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial (beneficial, good, salutary, agreeable)

• तव (tava) - your, for your (benefit) (your, to you)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - O Duryodhana (vocative address by Maitreya) (O Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name, lit. 'hard to fight with')

Compound of 'dur' (difficult) and 'yodhana' (fighter).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+yodhana)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  prefix
  Negative/difficult prefix.
• yodhana – fighting, warrior, fighter
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'yudh' (to fight).
  Root: yudh (class 4)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one (vocative, epithet for strong warriors) (O mighty-armed one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'bāhu' (arm).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, extensive
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of 'mahat', used as a compound prefix.
• bāhu – arm, fore-arm
  noun (masculine)

निबोध (nibodha) - listen, pay attention (understand, know, perceive, listen)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ni-budh

imperative

Imperative, 2nd person singular, active voice of root 'budh' with prefix 'ni'. 'budh' is class 1.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

वदताम् (vadatām) - among those who speak (of those speaking, among speakers)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, saying

Present Active Participle

From root 'vad' (to speak) + 'śatṛ' suffix. Used as a noun here meaning 'speakers'.

Root: vad (class 1)

वर (vara) - O best (vocative, epithet for Duryodhana) (O best, O excellent one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - excellent, best, chosen, boon, bridegroom

From root 'vṛ' (to choose). Used here as an adjective in vocative.

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies Duryodhana.

वचनम् (vacanam) - my words, instruction (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying, instruction

verbal noun

From root 'vac' (to speak) + 'ana' suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

मे (me) - my (words) (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Enclitic form of 'asmad'. Dative/Genitive singular. Here used as genitive.

Note: Possessive, refers to the speaker Maitreya.

महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O greatly wise one (vocative, epithet for Duryodhana) (O greatly wise one, O highly intelligent one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāprājña

mahāprājña - very wise, highly intelligent

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'prājña' (wise).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+prājña)

• mahā – great, large, extensive
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine form of 'mahat', used as a compound prefix.
• prājña – wise, intelligent, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'pra' + root 'jñā' (to know) + 'a' suffix.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies Duryodhana.

ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - as I speak (Maitreya speaking) (of one speaking, while speaking, from one speaking)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, saying

Present Active Participle

From root 'brū' (to speak) + 'śatṛ' suffix. Genitive singular.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: The meaning is 'of me who is speaking'.

यत् (yat) - which (refers to 'vacanam') (which, that which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun.

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial (beneficial, good, salutary, agreeable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, suitable, good, placed, kind

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dhā' (to place) in passive sense, often prefixed by 'hi'.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'vacanam'.

तव (tava) - your, for your (benefit) (your, to you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular of 'yuṣmad'.

Note: Possessive, referring to Duryodhana.