महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-11, verse-16

मेढीभूतः स्वयं राजन्निग्रहे प्रग्रहे भवान् ।
किमर्थमनयं घोरमुत्पतन्तमुपेक्षसे ॥१६॥

16. meḍhībhūtaḥ svayaṁ rājannigrahe pragrahe bhavān ,
kimarthamanayaṁ ghoramutpatantamupekṣase.

16. meḍībhūtaḥ svayam rājan nigrahe pragrahe bhavān
kimartham anayam ghoram utpatantam upekṣase

16. O King, you yourself are the central support for both restraint and control. Why, then, do you tolerate this terrible impropriety that is now occurring?

Words meanings summery:

• मेडीभूतः (meḍībhūtaḥ) - acting as the central support or pillar (having become a post, serving as a pillar)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - yourself (oneself, by oneself, personally)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

• निग्रहे (nigrahe) - in the act of restraining or controlling (in restraint, in control, in suppression)

• प्रग्रहे (pragrahe) - in the act of holding back or controlling (in curbing, in seizing, in controlling)

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (you, your honor, your majesty)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what reason (why, for what purpose)

• अनयम् (anayam) - this terrible impropriety (impropriety, injustice, misconduct)

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful (terrible, dreadful, fierce)

• उत्पतन्तम् (utpatantam) - manifesting, occurring (arising, occurring, flying up)

• उपेक्षसे (upekṣase) - you tolerate, you disregard (you neglect, you tolerate, you disregard)

Words meanings and morphology

मेडीभूतः (meḍībhūtaḥ) - acting as the central support or pillar (having become a post, serving as a pillar)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of meḍībhūta

meḍībhūta - become a pillar, serving as a support

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from 'meḍī' (post, pillar) and 'bhūta' (become, past passive participle of 'bhū').

Compound type : tatpurusha (meḍī+bhūta)

• meḍī – post, pillar, stake
  noun (feminine)
• bhūta – become, been, existing, past, a being
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'bhū'.
  Root: bhū (class 1)

स्वयम् (svayam) - yourself (oneself, by oneself, personally)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

निग्रहे (nigrahe) - in the act of restraining or controlling (in restraint, in control, in suppression)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nigraha

nigraha - restraint, control, suppression, punishment

Derived from 'ni' + root 'grah' + 'a' (Ghañ suffix).

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

प्रग्रहे (pragrahe) - in the act of holding back or controlling (in curbing, in seizing, in controlling)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pragraha

pragraha - holding, seizing, checking, control, curb

Derived from 'pra' + root 'grah' + 'a' (Ghañ suffix).

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

भवान् (bhavān) - you (referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (you, your honor, your majesty)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you, your honor, being, existing

Present Active Participle

Participle from root 'bhū'. Used as a respectful pronoun for 'you'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what reason (why, for what purpose)

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'kim' (what) and 'artham' (purpose). Acts as an adverb.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, who
  pronoun
  Interrogative pronoun, used here as an adverbial component.
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: arth (class 10)

अनयम् (anayam) - this terrible impropriety (impropriety, injustice, misconduct)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anaya

anaya - misconduct, impropriety, injustice, misfortune

Derived from 'a' (negative prefix) + 'naya' (conduct, policy).

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+naya)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
  Negative prefix. Form of 'na' before a consonant.
• naya – conduct, policy, leading, justice
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'nī' (to lead).
  Root: nī (class 1)

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful (terrible, dreadful, fierce)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, awful, fierce, formidable

Note: Modifies 'anayam'.

उत्पतन्तम् (utpatantam) - manifesting, occurring (arising, occurring, flying up)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of utpatant

utpatant - arising, occurring, flying up, moving rapidly

Present Active Participle

From 'ut' + root 'pat' (to fall/fly). 'pat' is class 1.

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'anayam'.

उपेक्षसे (upekṣase) - you tolerate, you disregard (you neglect, you tolerate, you disregard)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upekṣ

present tense

From 'upa' + root 'īkṣ' (to see). 'īkṣ' is class 1. Atmanepada form.

Prefix: upa

Root: īkṣ (class 1)