महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-58, verse-32

अत्र ते वर्तयिष्यामि यथा धर्मः सनातनः ।
राजन्यो ब्राह्मणं राजन्पुरा परिचचार ह ।
वैश्यो राजन्यमित्येव शूद्रो वैश्यमिति श्रुतिः ॥३२॥

32. atra te vartayiṣyāmi yathā dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ ,
rājanyo brāhmaṇaṁ rājanpurā paricacāra ha ,
vaiśyo rājanyamityeva śūdro vaiśyamiti śrutiḥ.

32. atra te vartayisyāmi yathā dharmaḥ
sanātanaḥ rājanyaḥ brāhmaṇam rājan
purā paricacāra ha vaiśyaḥ rājanyam
iti eva śūdraḥ vaiśyam iti śrutiḥ

32. rājan atra te yathā sanātanaḥ dharmaḥ
vartayisyāmi purā rājanyaḥ
brāhmaṇam paricacāra ha vaiśyaḥ rājanyam
iti eva śūdraḥ vaiśyam iti śrutiḥ

32. Here, O King, I will explain to you the eternal (dharma). In ancient times, a member of the warrior class (rājanya) would serve a brahmin. Similarly, a vaiśya would serve a rājanya, and a śūdra would serve a vaiśya – this is the sacred tradition (śruti).

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - in this matter (about the eternal dharma) (here, in this place, in this matter)

• ते (te) - to you (O King) (to you, for you, your)

• वर्तयिस्यामि (vartayisyāmi) - I will explain, I will describe, I will make known

• यथा (yathā) - how (the eternal dharma is) (as, just as, how)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the eternal natural law (dharma) or established order (natural law, constitution, righteous conduct, duty, (dharma))

• सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - the eternal (dharma) (eternal, everlasting, ancient)

• राजन्यः (rājanyaḥ) - a member of the royal or warrior class (a king, a member of the warrior class (kṣatriya))

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a brahmin, a member of the priestly class

• राजन् (rājan) - addressing the King (O king, sovereign)

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, previously

• परिचचार (paricacāra) - would serve (in the context of duty) (served, attended, waited upon)

• ह (ha) - particle used for emphasis or to indicate a past event (indeed, surely, (particle denoting past action or emphasis))

• वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a vaiśya, a member of the merchant or farmer class

• राजन्यम् (rājanyam) - a member of the royal or warrior class (a rājanya (kṣatriya), a king, a member of the warrior class)

• इति (iti) - thus, indicating a parallel structure (thus, in this manner, so saying)

• एव (eva) - in this very manner (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra, a member of the laborer class

• वैश्यम् (vaiśyam) - a vaiśya, a member of the merchant or farmer class

• इति (iti) - thus, signifying the conclusion of a traditional rule (thus, in this manner)

• श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - this is the sacred tradition (śruti) (sacred tradition, revelation, Vedic text)

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - in this matter (about the eternal dharma) (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - to you (O King) (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvad

tvad - you, your

वर्तयिस्यामि (vartayisyāmi) - I will explain, I will describe, I will make known

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vartay

causative future

from causative of √vṛt (to be, exist)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - how (the eternal dharma is) (as, just as, how)

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the eternal natural law (dharma) or established order (natural law, constitution, righteous conduct, duty, (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion, (dharma)

from √dhṛ (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - the eternal (dharma) (eternal, everlasting, ancient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, everlasting, perpetual, ancient, primeval

राजन्यः (rājanyaḥ) - a member of the royal or warrior class (a king, a member of the warrior class (kṣatriya))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājanya

rājanya - a king, a member of the royal or warrior class, a kṣatriya

derived from rājan (king)

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a brahmin, a member of the priestly class

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, a man of the priestly class

derived from brahman

राजन् (rājan) - addressing the King (O king, sovereign)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, previously

(indeclinable)

परिचचार (paricacāra) - would serve (in the context of duty) (served, attended, waited upon)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of paricar

perfect tense

from pari-√car (to move, go)

Prefix: pari

Root: car (class 1)

ह (ha) - particle used for emphasis or to indicate a past event (indeed, surely, (particle denoting past action or emphasis))

(indeclinable)

वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a vaiśya, a member of the merchant or farmer class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a member of the merchant or farmer class, a vaiśya

derived from viś (settlement, community)

राजन्यम् (rājanyam) - a member of the royal or warrior class (a rājanya (kṣatriya), a king, a member of the warrior class)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājanya

rājanya - a king, a member of the royal or warrior class, a kṣatriya

derived from rājan (king)

इति (iti) - thus, indicating a parallel structure (thus, in this manner, so saying)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - in this very manner (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

शूद्रः (śūdraḥ) - a śūdra, a member of the laborer class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a member of the laborer class, a śūdra

वैश्यम् (vaiśyam) - a vaiśya, a member of the merchant or farmer class

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a member of the merchant or farmer class, a vaiśya

derived from viś (settlement, community)

इति (iti) - thus, signifying the conclusion of a traditional rule (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - this is the sacred tradition (śruti) (sacred tradition, revelation, Vedic text)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śruti

śruti - hearing, listening, sacred tradition, revelation, Vedic text

from √śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)