महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-58, verse-10

अमित्रमपि चेद्दीनं शरणैषिणमागतम् ।
व्यसने योऽनुगृह्णाति स वै पुरुषसत्तमः ॥१०॥

10. amitramapi ceddīnaṁ śaraṇaiṣiṇamāgatam ,
vyasane yo'nugṛhṇāti sa vai puruṣasattamaḥ.

10. amitram api cet dīnam śaraṇaiṣiṇam āgatam
vyasane yaḥ anugṛhṇāti sa vai puruṣasattamaḥ

10. yaḥ amitram api cet dīnam śaraṇaiṣiṇam āgatam
vyasane anugṛhṇāti sa vai puruṣasattamaḥ

10. Indeed, that person who helps even a distressed enemy who has come seeking refuge during a time of misfortune is the best among men.

Words meanings summery:

• अमित्रम् (amitram) - an enemy

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• चेत् (cet) - if

• दीनम् (dīnam) - distressed, miserable, poor

• शरणैषिणम् (śaraṇaiṣiṇam) - one seeking refuge, refugee

• आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, come

• व्यसने (vyasane) - in misfortune, in distress, in calamity

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अनुगृह्णाति (anugṛhṇāti) - he helps, he shows favor, he protects

• स (sa) - he, that

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly

• पुरुषसत्तमः (puruṣasattamaḥ) - the best among men

Words meanings and morphology

अमित्रम् (amitram) - an enemy

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe, not friend

Compound of 'a' (negation) + 'mitra' (friend).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix.
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

दीनम् (dīnam) - distressed, miserable, poor

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, miserable, poor, humble

Past Passive Participle

From root √dī 'to decay, to be miserable'.

Root: dī

Note: Modifies 'amitram'.

शरणैषिणम् (śaraṇaiṣiṇam) - one seeking refuge, refugee

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaraṇaiṣin

śaraṇaiṣin - seeking refuge, desirous of protection

Compound of 'śaraṇa' (refuge) + 'eṣin' (seeker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaraṇa+eṣin)

• śaraṇa – refuge, protection, shelter
  noun (neuter)
• eṣin – seeking, desirous of, going towards
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from √iṣ
  From root √iṣ 'to desire, to seek'.
  Root: iṣ

Note: Modifies 'amitram'.

आगतम् (āgatam) - arrived, come

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, approached

Past Passive Participle

From root √gam 'to go' with prefix 'ā-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'amitram'.

व्यसने (vyasane) - in misfortune, in distress, in calamity

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, distress, addiction, vice

From root √as 'to throw' with prefix 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun referring to the subject of 'anugṛhṇāti'.

अनुगृह्णाति (anugṛhṇāti) - he helps, he shows favor, he protects

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √grah

Present Active Indicative

9th class verb with 'anu-' prefix.

Prefix: anu

Root: grah (class 9)

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'yaḥ'.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

पुरुषसत्तमः (puruṣasattamaḥ) - the best among men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣasattama

puruṣasattama - best of men, excellent man

Compound of 'puruṣa' (man) + 'sattama' (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+sattama)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, excellent, most eminent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama
  Superlative of 'sat' (good, virtuous).