महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-58, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
यानीमानि बहिर्वेद्यां दानानि परिचक्षते ।
तेभ्यो विशिष्टं किं दानं मतं ते कुरुपुंगव ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yānīmāni bahirvedyāṁ dānāni paricakṣate ,
tebhyo viśiṣṭaṁ kiṁ dānaṁ mataṁ te kurupuṁgava.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca | yāni imāni bahiḥ vedyām dānāni
paricakṣate | tebhyaḥ viśiṣṭam kim dānam matam te kurupuṃgava

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca he kurupuṃgava,
imāni yāni dānāni vedyām bahiḥ paricakṣate,
tebhyaḥ kim viśiṣṭam dānam te matam

1. Yudhishthira said: "O best among the Kurus (Bhishma), among these charities (dāna) that are spoken of as being performed outside the (Vedic ritual) altar, what kind of charity is considered by you to be superior?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यानि (yāni) - which (charities) (which (plural, neuter))

• इमानि (imāni) - these (charities) (these (plural, neuter))

• बहिः (bahiḥ) - outside, externally

• वेद्याम् (vedyām) - outside the Vedic ritual altar (on the altar, on the sacrificial ground)

• दानानि (dānāni) - gifts, charities, donations (dāna)

• परिचक्षते (paricakṣate) - they are spoken of, they are declared, they are considered

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - superior to those (charities) (from them, to them (plural, masculine/neuter))

• विशिष्टम् (viśiṣṭam) - distinguished, excellent, superior

• किम् (kim) - what kind of (charity)? (what? which?)

• दानम् (dānam) - gift, charity, donation (dāna)

• मतम् (matam) - considered by you (considered, thought, esteemed)

• ते (te) - by you (Bhishma) (by you, to you, of you (singular))

• कुरुपुंगव (kurupuṁgava) - Bhishma, being addressed by Yudhishthira (O best of the Kurus, O bull among the Kurus)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, Yudhishthira

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect

From √vac (2nd class), perfect active, 3rd person singular. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

यानि (yāni) - which (charities) (which (plural, neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

इमानि (imāni) - these (charities) (these (plural, neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of idam

idam - this, these

बहिः (bahiḥ) - outside, externally

(indeclinable)

वेद्याम् (vedyām) - outside the Vedic ritual altar (on the altar, on the sacrificial ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of vedi

vedi - a sacrificial altar, a raised ground for Vedic rituals

दानानि (dānāni) - gifts, charities, donations (dāna)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, charity, donation (dāna)

Derived from √dā 'to give'

Root: dā (class 3)

परिचक्षते (paricakṣate) - they are spoken of, they are declared, they are considered

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of √cakṣ

Present

From √cakṣ (2nd class) 'to see, declare', with prefix pari. Present middle, 3rd person plural.

Prefix: pari

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - superior to those (charities) (from them, to them (plural, masculine/neuter))

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, plural of tat

tat - that, he, she, it

Note: Used here in the sense of 'superior to them' (ablative of comparison).

विशिष्टम् (viśiṣṭam) - distinguished, excellent, superior

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, excellent, special, superior, particular

Past Passive Participle

From vi-√śiṣ 'to distinguish, to be distinguished'

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

किम् (kim) - what kind of (charity)? (what? which?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

दानम् (dānam) - gift, charity, donation (dāna)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, charity, donation (dāna)

Derived from √dā 'to give'

Root: dā (class 3)

मतम् (matam) - considered by you (considered, thought, esteemed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - thought, considered, opinion, intention

Past Passive Participle

From √man 'to think, believe'

Root: man (class 4)

ते (te) - by you (Bhishma) (by you, to you, of you (singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Also dative singular. Used here as agent with a past passive participle.

कुरुपुंगव (kurupuṁgava) - Bhishma, being addressed by Yudhishthira (O best of the Kurus, O bull among the Kurus)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurupuṃgava

kurupuṁgava - best of the Kurus, bull among the Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+puṃgava)

• kuru – name of an ancient tribe and kingdom, a descendant of Kuru
  proper noun (masculine)
• puṃgava – bull; chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)