महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-58, verse-12

ह्रिया तु नियतान्साधून्पुत्रदारैश्च कर्शितान् ।
अयाचमानान्कौन्तेय सर्वोपायैर्निमन्त्रय ॥१२॥

12. hriyā tu niyatānsādhūnputradāraiśca karśitān ,
ayācamānānkaunteya sarvopāyairnimantraya.

12. hriyā tu niyatān sādhūn putradāraiḥ ca karśitān
ayācamānān kaunteya sarvopāyaiḥ nimantraya

12. kaunteya tu hriyā niyatān putradāraiḥ ca karśitān
ayācamānān sādhūn sarvopāyaiḥ nimantraya

12. O son of Kuntī, indeed, by all means, invite those virtuous individuals who are restrained by modesty, afflicted by their sons and wives, and who do not beg.

Words meanings summery:

• ह्रिया (hriyā) - by modesty, by shyness

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• नियतान् (niyatān) - self-controlled, restrained, disciplined

• साधून् (sādhūn) - virtuous people, good ones, saints

• पुत्रदारैः (putradāraiḥ) - by sons and wives

• च (ca) - and

• कर्शितान् (karśitān) - emaciated, weakened, distressed, afflicted

• अयाचमानान् (ayācamānān) - those who do not beg, not asking

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O Arjuna (O son of Kuntī)

• सर्वोपायैः (sarvopāyaiḥ) - by all means, by all methods

• निमन्त्रय (nimantraya) - invite, summon, persuade

Words meanings and morphology

ह्रिया (hriyā) - by modesty, by shyness

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of hrī

hrī - modesty, shame, bashfulness, embarrassment

Note: Indicates the means or cause of their restraint.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

नियतान् (niyatān) - self-controlled, restrained, disciplined

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of niyata

niyata - restrained, regulated, disciplined, self-controlled

Past Passive Participle

From root √yam 'to restrain' with prefix 'ni-'.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'sādhūn'.

साधून् (sādhūn) - virtuous people, good ones, saints

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, saint, holy man

From root √sādh 'to accomplish, succeed'.

Root: sādh (class 5)

पुत्रदारैः (putradāraiḥ) - by sons and wives

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putradāra

putradāra - sons and wives (collectively, family members)

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (putra+dāra)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• dāra – wife (often plural, but used collectively singular/dual in compounds)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of affliction 'karśitān'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

कर्शितान् (karśitān) - emaciated, weakened, distressed, afflicted

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of karśita

karśita - emaciated, attenuated, distressed, afflicted, weakened

Past Passive Participle

From causative of √kṛś 'to become thin, emaciated'.

Root: kṛś (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'sādhūn'.

अयाचमानान् (ayācamānān) - those who do not beg, not asking

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ayācamāna

ayācamāna - not begging, not asking, not entreating

Present Middle Participle

From root √yāc 'to beg, ask' (1st class) with negation prefix 'a-'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yācamāna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix.
• yācamāna – begging, asking
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Middle Participle
  From root √yāc 'to beg, ask' (1st class).
  Root: yāc (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'sādhūn'.

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O Arjuna (O son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - descendant of Kuntī, son of Kuntī

Patronymic from Kuntī.

सर्वोपायैः (sarvopāyaiḥ) - by all means, by all methods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarvopāya

sarvopāya - all means, every method, by all expedients

Compound of 'sarva' (all) + 'upāya' (means).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+upāya)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• upāya – means, method, resource, stratagem
  noun (masculine)
  From root √i 'to go' with prefix 'upa-'.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Denotes the means of inviting.

निमन्त्रय (nimantraya) - invite, summon, persuade

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of √mantr

Imperative Active

From root √mantr 'to advise, consult' (10th class, or denominative from 'mantra') with prefix 'ni-'.

Prefix: ni

Root: mantr (class 10)

Note: Verb commanding Arjuna.