महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-52, verse-6

कथं पुत्रानतिक्रम्य तेषां नप्तृष्वथाभवत् ।
एष दोषः सुतान्हित्वा तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥६॥

6. kathaṁ putrānatikramya teṣāṁ naptṛṣvathābhavat ,
eṣa doṣaḥ sutānhitvā tanme vyākhyātumarhasi.

6. kathaṃ putrān atikramya teṣām naptṛṣu atha abhavat
eṣaḥ doṣaḥ sutān hitvā tat me vyākhyātum arhasi

6. How did this defect occur among their grandsons, bypassing their sons? You ought to explain that to me, this fault which involved abandoning the sons.

Words meanings summery:

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how, why

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having bypassed, having transgressed

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them

• नप्तृषु (naptṛṣu) - among the grandsons

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it happened, it occurred, it was

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, defect, error

• सुतान् (sutān) - sons

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left

• तत् (tat) - that defect (that)

• मे (me) - to me

• व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able

Words meanings and morphology

कथं (kathaṁ) - how, why

(indeclinable)

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having bypassed, having transgressed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) using -ya suffix

Derived from verb atikram (ati + kram). Absolutive form for prefixed verbs.

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of tad

tad - that, those

नप्तृषु (naptṛṣu) - among the grandsons

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of naptṛ

naptṛ - grandson, descendant

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - it happened, it occurred, it was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect third singular

Root bhū, third person singular, imperfect tense (laṅ lakāra), active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this (demonstrative pronoun)

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault, defect, error

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, sin, error

सुतान् (sutān) - sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suta

suta - son, child (derived from su 'to bring forth')

Root: sū (class 2)

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) using -tvā suffix

Derived from root hā (to abandon, quit)

Root: hā (class 3)

तत् (tat) - that defect (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the doṣaḥ (defect)

मे (me) - to me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Note: Alternatively genitive 'of me'

व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of verb vyākhyā (vi + ā + khyā)

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present second singular

Root arh, second person singular, present tense (laṭ lakāra), active voice

Root: arh (class 1)