महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-52, verse-11

कुशिक उवाच ।
भगवन्सहधर्मोऽयं पण्डितैरिह धार्यते ।
प्रदानकाले कन्यानामुच्यते च सदा बुधैः ॥११॥

11. kuśika uvāca ,
bhagavansahadharmo'yaṁ paṇḍitairiha dhāryate ,
pradānakāle kanyānāmucyate ca sadā budhaiḥ.

11. kuśikaḥ uvāca bhagavan sahadharmaḥ ayam paṇḍitaiḥ iha
dhāryate pradāna kāle kanyānām ucyate ca sadā budhaiḥ

11. Kuśika said: "O revered one! This principle of shared duty (dharma) is upheld by the learned in this world. And it is always declared by the wise at the time of giving away daughters."

Words meanings summery:

• कुशिकः (kuśikaḥ) - King Kuśika, the speaker. (Kuśika)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - Addressing Cyavana. (O revered one!, O worshipful one!)

• सहधर्मः (sahadharmaḥ) - Refers to the principle or custom of shared lineage or marriage through which a sage might be absorbed into a family. (shared duty, common principle, cohabitation (in duty or marriage))

• अयम् (ayam) - Refers to the sahadharma just mentioned. (this)

• पण्डितैः (paṇḍitaiḥ) - by scholars, by wise people

• इह (iha) - In this current context or custom. (here, in this world, in this matter)

• धार्यते (dhāryate) - is maintained, is observed, is held

• प्रदान (pradāna) - Specifically referring to the 'giving away' of a daughter in marriage. (giving, bestowing, granting)

• काले (kāle) - at the time, in the season

• कन्यानाम् (kanyānām) - Refers to the daughters of the family being given away in marriage. (of daughters, of maidens)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is declared, is spoken

• च (ca) - and, also

• सदा (sadā) - always, constantly, ever

• बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise, by the intelligent

Words meanings and morphology

कुशिकः (kuśikaḥ) - King Kuśika, the speaker. (Kuśika)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśika

kuśika - Name of an ancient king.

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of √vac

Perfect (Lit)

3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: √vac (class 2)

भगवन् (bhagavan) - Addressing Cyavana. (O revered one!, O worshipful one!)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - fortunate, glorious, divine, revered, worshipful

vat suffix indicating possession or quality.

सहधर्मः (sahadharmaḥ) - Refers to the principle or custom of shared lineage or marriage through which a sage might be absorbed into a family. (shared duty, common principle, cohabitation (in duty or marriage))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadharma

sahadharma - common duty, shared custom, spiritual cohabitation (dharma)

Compound.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa or Bahuvrīhi (saha+dharma)

• saha – with, together, shared
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law (dharma), righteousness, duty, custom, principle
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'dhāryate'.

अयम् (ayam) - Refers to the sahadharma just mentioned. (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'sahadharmaḥ'.

पण्डितैः (paṇḍitaiḥ) - by scholars, by wise people

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - learned, wise, scholar, pundit

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'dhāryate'.

इह (iha) - In this current context or custom. (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

धार्यते (dhāryate) - is maintained, is observed, is held

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (Laṭ) of √dhṛ

Present (Laṭ)

3rd person singular, passive voice. Root √dhṛ (class 1) + ya + te.

Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

प्रदान (pradāna) - Specifically referring to the 'giving away' of a daughter in marriage. (giving, bestowing, granting)

(noun)

neuter, singular of pradāna

pradāna - giving, offering, bestowing, giving in marriage

From prefix pra + root √dā (to give) + suffix lyuṭ.

Prefix: pra

Root: √dā (class 3)

Note: First part of a compound 'pradānakāle'.

काले (kāle) - at the time, in the season

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

Note: Forms a compound with 'pradāna'.

कन्यानाम् (kanyānām) - Refers to the daughters of the family being given away in marriage. (of daughters, of maidens)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of kanyā

kanyā - daughter, maiden, girl, virgin

Note: Relates to 'pradānakāle' (at the time of giving daughters).

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is declared, is spoken

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (Laṭ) of √vac

Present (Laṭ)

3rd person singular, passive voice. From root √vac (to speak) which forms passive with ucyate.

Root: √vac (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सदा (sadā) - always, constantly, ever

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

Note: Modifies 'ucyate'.

बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise, by the intelligent

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, learned, enlightened; a wise man, sage

From root √budh (to awaken, know).

Root: √budh (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'ucyate'.