महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-52, verse-37

तमन्वगच्छतां तौ तु क्षुधितौ श्रमकर्शितौ ।
भार्यापती मुनिश्रेष्ठो न च ताववलोकयत् ॥३७॥

37. tamanvagacchatāṁ tau tu kṣudhitau śramakarśitau ,
bhāryāpatī muniśreṣṭho na ca tāvavalokayat.

37. tam anvagacchatām tau tu kṣudhitau śramakarśitau
bhāryāpatī muniśreṣṭhaḥ na ca tau avalokayat

37. Those two, the husband and wife, hungry and weakened by fatigue, followed him. However, the best of ascetics (muni) did not notice them.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the ascetic) (him, that)

• अन्वगच्छताम् (anvagacchatām) - they followed

• तौ (tau) - the king and queen (those two)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• क्षुधितौ (kṣudhitau) - hungry, famished

• श्रमकर्शितौ (śramakarśitau) - weakened by fatigue

• भार्यापती (bhāryāpatī) - the king and queen as a couple (husband and wife, a couple)

• मुनिश्रेष्ठः (muniśreṣṭhaḥ) - the sage they were following (the best of ascetics, foremost sage)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• तौ (tau) - the king and queen (those two)

• अवलोकयत् (avalokayat) - the ascetic saw (he saw, he perceived)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the ascetic) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the muni.

अन्वगच्छताम् (anvagacchatām) - they followed

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of anugam

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Imperfect form of √gam with 'anu' prefix.

तौ (tau) - the king and queen (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king and queen.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

क्षुधितौ (kṣudhitau) - hungry, famished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kṣudhita

kṣudhita - hungry, famished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √kṣudh 'to be hungry'

Root: kṣudh (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying 'tau' (the king and queen).

श्रमकर्शितौ (śramakarśitau) - weakened by fatigue

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śramakarśita

śramakarśita - weakened by fatigue, emaciated by toil

Compound type : tatpurusha (śrama+karśita)

• śrama – fatigue, weariness, toil
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śram (class 4)
• karśita – weakened, emaciated, attenuated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √kṛś 'to become thin, waste away'
  Root: kṛś (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying 'tau' (the king and queen).

भार्यापती (bhāryāpatī) - the king and queen as a couple (husband and wife, a couple)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhāryāpati

bhāryāpati - husband and wife, married couple

Compound type : dvandva (bhāryā+pati)

• bhāryā – wife, married woman
  noun (feminine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  Derived from √bhṛ 'to bear, carry, maintain'
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Dvandva compound for the king and queen.

मुनिश्रेष्ठः (muniśreṣṭhaḥ) - the sage they were following (the best of ascetics, foremost sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muniśreṣṭha

muniśreṣṭha - chief of sages, best ascetic

Compound type : tatpurusha (muni+śreṣṭha)

• muni – sage, ascetic, venerable person
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya/praśasta

Note: Refers to the muni they were following.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

तौ (tau) - the king and queen (those two)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'avalokayat'.

अवलोकयत् (avalokayat) - the ascetic saw (he saw, he perceived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of avalok

Causative/Denominative

Derived from √lok 'to see' with 'ava' prefix, possibly causative stem.

Prefix: ava

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Action of the muni.