महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-52, verse-4

तदस्य संभवं राजन्निखिलेनानुकीर्तय ।
कौशिकाच्च कथं वंशात्क्षत्राद्वै ब्राह्मणोऽभवत् ॥४॥

4. tadasya saṁbhavaṁ rājannikhilenānukīrtaya ,
kauśikācca kathaṁ vaṁśātkṣatrādvai brāhmaṇo'bhavat.

4. tat asya saṃbhavam rājan nikhilena anukīrtaya kauśikāt
ca katham vaṃśāt kṣatrāt vai brāhmaṇaḥ abhavat

4. Therefore, O king, narrate his entire birth story. And how, indeed, did a kṣatriya from the Kauśika lineage become a brahmin?

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - Therefore, regarding his birth (therefore, that)

• अस्य (asya) - His (Paraśurāma's) birth (his, of this)

• संभवम् (saṁbhavam) - The story of his origin (birth, origin, existence)

• राजन् (rājan) - Yudhishthira addressing Bhishma (O king)

• निखिलेन (nikhilena) - Narrate the birth story completely (completely, entirely, wholly)

• अनुकीर्तय (anukīrtaya) - You should narrate (his birth) (narrate, describe)

• कौशिकात् (kauśikāt) - From the lineage of Vishvamitra (who was born in Kauśika vaṃśa) (from Kauśika, from the Kauśika lineage)

• च (ca) - And how (and)

• कथम् (katham) - Asking about the circumstances (how)

• वंशात् (vaṁśāt) - From the Kauśika lineage (from the lineage, from the family)

• क्षत्रात् (kṣatrāt) - How from a kṣatriya (Vishvamitra) did a brahmin arise (from a kṣatriya, from the warrior class)

• वै (vai) - Emphatic particle (indeed, truly, certainly)

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - How a kṣatriya became a brahmin (a brahmin, pertaining to Brahmā)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - How did he become? (became, was, happened)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - Therefore, regarding his birth (therefore, that)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

अस्य (asya) - His (Paraśurāma's) birth (his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

संभवम् (saṁbhavam) - The story of his origin (birth, origin, existence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃbhava

saṁbhava - birth, origin, possibility, existence

sam-bhū (to be born, to come into existence)

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - Yudhishthira addressing Bhishma (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāṣ (class 2)

निखिलेन (nikhilena) - Narrate the birth story completely (completely, entirely, wholly)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nikhila

nikhila - entire, whole, complete

ni + khila

Note: Often used adverbially with instrumental case

अनुकीर्तय (anukīrtaya) - You should narrate (his birth) (narrate, describe)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of anukīrt

Imperative active

anu + kīrt, 10th class, imperative active 2nd singular

Prefix: anu

Root: kīrt (class 10)

कौशिकात् (kauśikāt) - From the lineage of Vishvamitra (who was born in Kauśika vaṃśa) (from Kauśika, from the Kauśika lineage)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kauśika

kauśika - descendant of Kuśika, belonging to the Kauśika family

Patronymic from Kuśika

च (ca) - And how (and)

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - Asking about the circumstances (how)

(indeclinable)

वंशात् (vaṁśāt) - From the Kauśika lineage (from the lineage, from the family)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vaṃśa

vaṁśa - lineage, family, race, bamboo

क्षत्रात् (kṣatrāt) - How from a kṣatriya (Vishvamitra) did a brahmin arise (from a kṣatriya, from the warrior class)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kṣatra

kṣatra - warrior class, dominion, rule, a kṣatriya

वै (vai) - Emphatic particle (indeed, truly, certainly)

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - How a kṣatriya became a brahmin (a brahmin, pertaining to Brahmā)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a brahmin, belonging to Brahmā, sacred, priestly

From brahman (Veda, prayer, divine)

अभवत् (abhavat) - How did he become? (became, was, happened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active

Root bhū, 1st class, imperfect active 3rd singular

Root: bhū (class 1)