महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-54, verse-6

तेऽभिगम्य महात्मानो भरतानां पितामहम् ।
अन्वशोचन्त गाङ्गेयमादित्यं पतितं यथा ॥६॥

6. te'bhigamya mahātmāno bharatānāṁ pitāmaham ,
anvaśocanta gāṅgeyamādityaṁ patitaṁ yathā.

6. te abhigamya mahātmānaḥ bharatānām pitāmaham
anvaśocanta gāṅgeyam ādityam patitam yathā

6. te mahātmānaḥ bharatānām pitāmaham abhigamya
gāṅgeyam patitam ādityam yathā anvaśocanta

6. Having approached the great-souled grandsire of the Bharatas (Bhīṣma), they mourned for Gaṅgeya (Bhīṣma), just as one would grieve for a fallen sun.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - the assembled sages, siddhas, kings, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Kṛṣṇa, and the Pāṇḍavas (they)

• अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having gone near Bhīṣma (having approached, having gone towards)

• महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - those with great spirits, referring to the assembled figures (great-souled, noble-minded)

• भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the descendants of Bharata, referring to the Kuru lineage (of the Bharatas)

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Bhīṣma, the paternal grandfather of both Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas (grandsire, paternal grandfather)

• अन्वशोचन्त (anvaśocanta) - they collectively expressed sorrow (they grieved, they mourned)

• गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - Bhīṣma, son of the river goddess Gaṅgā. (son of Gaṅgā)

• आदित्यम् (ādityam) - like the sun (god) that has fallen (the sun (god), son of Aditi)

• पतितम् (patitam) - a sun that has fallen (set/been eclipsed/defeated) (fallen, descended)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in what manner)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - the assembled sages, siddhas, kings, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Kṛṣṇa, and the Pāṇḍavas (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those; he, she, it, they

Note: The 'e' is from sandhi 'te' + 'a' -> 'te '.

अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having gone near Bhīṣma (having approached, having gone towards)

(indeclinable (absolutive))

महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - those with great spirits, referring to the assembled figures (great-souled, noble-minded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, exalted, a great person

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'ātman' (self/soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine form of mahat) (feminine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  N-stem noun.
  Root: an

Note: The 'visarga' ('ḥ') is restored from sandhi 'mahātmāno'.

भरतानाम् (bharatānām) - of the descendants of Bharata, referring to the Kuru lineage (of the Bharatas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bharata

bharata - descendant of Bharata (an ancient king), a member of the Bharata tribe; Indian

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Possessive, qualifying 'pitāmaham'.

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - Bhīṣma, the paternal grandfather of both Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas (grandsire, paternal grandfather)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather; Lord Brahmā (as the great father)

Compound of 'pitṛ' (father) and 'maha' (great/venerable).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
  R-stem noun.
• maha – great, illustrious, festival
  adjective/noun (masculine/neuter)
  From root 'mah' (to be great).
  Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Object of 'abhigamya'.

अन्वशोचन्त (anvaśocanta) - they collectively expressed sorrow (they grieved, they mourned)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of śuc

Imperfect active

3rd person plural, Imperfect tense, active voice, with prefix 'anu'.

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: The 'n' of 'anu' undergoes sandhi with initial 'a' of 'aśocanta'.

गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - Bhīṣma, son of the river goddess Gaṅgā. (son of Gaṅgā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - son of Gaṅgā (specifically Bhīṣma)

Patronymic derivation from Gaṅgā.

आदित्यम् (ādityam) - like the sun (god) that has fallen (the sun (god), son of Aditi)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - son of Aditi; the Sun god, a class of deities

Patronymic derivation from Aditi.

Note: Object of implied comparison.

पतितम् (patitam) - a sun that has fallen (set/been eclipsed/defeated) (fallen, descended)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended, degraded

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in what manner)

(indeclinable)