महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-54, verse-24

स्वयं किमर्थं तु भवाञ्श्रेयो न प्राह पाण्डवम् ।
किं ते विवक्षितं चात्र तदाशु वद माधव ॥२४॥

24. svayaṁ kimarthaṁ tu bhavāñśreyo na prāha pāṇḍavam ,
kiṁ te vivakṣitaṁ cātra tadāśu vada mādhava.

24. svayam kimartham tu bhavān śreyaḥ na prāha pāṇḍavam
kim te vivakṣitam ca atra tadā āśu vada mādhava

24. mādhava svayam tu bhavān kimartham pāṇḍavam śreyaḥ
na prāha kim ca atra te vivakṣitam tadā āśu vada

24. O Mādhava, why did you yourself not tell Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) what is ultimately beneficial? What precisely do you intend here? Please tell me that quickly.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself, personally

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed, then

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - what is beneficial, ultimate good, supreme welfare

• न (na) - not, no

• प्राह (prāha) - you said/told (said, told)

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - to Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) (Pāṇḍava, son of Pāṇḍu)

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• ते (te) - by you (implied agent in passive construction) (by you, for you, your, of you)

• विवक्षितम् (vivakṣitam) - what is intended to be said (intended, desired, meant)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, in this matter

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• वद (vada) - speak, tell, say

• माधव (mādhava) - O Mādhava (Mādhava (an epithet of Krishna))

Words meanings and morphology

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself, personally

(indeclinable)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, why
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed, then

(indeclinable)

भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you, your honor, being, existing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √bhū, 'to be'

Root: bhū (class 1)

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - what is beneficial, ultimate good, supreme welfare

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - better, superior, more excellent, ultimate good, welfare

Comparative form of śrī (prosperity) or praśasya (excellent)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्राह (prāha) - you said/told (said, told)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-√ah

Perfect tense form of √ah (often listed as √brū in perfect), with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - to Pāṇḍava (Arjuna) (Pāṇḍava, son of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, Arjuna

A patronymic from Pāṇḍu

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why

ते (te) - by you (implied agent in passive construction) (by you, for you, your, of you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Often used as genitive or dative. Here, it signifies the agent of the passive participle 'vivakṣitam'.

विवक्षितम् (vivakṣitam) - what is intended to be said (intended, desired, meant)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vivakṣita

vivakṣita - desired to be said, intended, meant

Past Passive Participle (Desiderative)

Derived from desiderative stem of √vac ('to speak') with prefix vi- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: vi

Root: vac (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, in this matter

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of the adjective 'āśu'

वद (vada) - speak, tell, say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of √vad

Root: vad (class 1)

माधव (mādhava) - O Mādhava (Mādhava (an epithet of Krishna))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu, lord of Lakṣmī, Krishna

Patronymic from Madhu