महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-54, verse-39

तस्मात्पुत्रैश्च पौत्रैश्च धर्मान्पृष्टः सनातनान् ।
विद्वाञ्जिज्ञासमानैस्त्वं प्रब्रूहि भरतर्षभ ॥३९॥

39. tasmātputraiśca pautraiśca dharmānpṛṣṭaḥ sanātanān ,
vidvāñjijñāsamānaistvaṁ prabrūhi bharatarṣabha.

39. tasmāt putraiḥ ca pautraiḥ ca dharmān pṛṣṭaḥ sanātanān
vidvān jijñāsamānaiḥ tvam prabrūhi bharatarṣabha

39. Therefore, O best of Bharatas, since you are wise and have been questioned by your sons and grandsons who are eager to know, speak fully the eternal principles of natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - by sons

• च (ca) - and

• पौत्रैः (pautraiḥ) - by grandsons

• च (ca) - and

• धर्मान् (dharmān) - principles of natural law, duties, virtues

• पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - questioned, asked

• सनातनान् (sanātanān) - eternal, ancient, everlasting

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - wise, learned, knowing

• जिज्ञासमानैः (jijñāsamānaiḥ) - by those wishing to know, by those curious

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - speak fully, declare (speak forth, declare)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used adverbially.

पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - by sons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Agent of 'pṛṣṭaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पौत्रैः (pautraiḥ) - by grandsons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pautra

pautra - grandson, son of a son

Note: Agent of 'pṛṣṭaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Joins 'putraiḥ' and 'pautraiḥ'.

धर्मान् (dharmān) - principles of natural law, duties, virtues

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of implied 'vaktavyam' or 'prabrūhi'.

पृष्टः (pṛṣṭaḥ) - questioned, asked

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭa

pṛṣṭa - asked, questioned

Past Passive Participle

From √prach (to ask).

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Refers to 'tvam' (you, the king), in nominative agreeing with the implicit subject of the sentence.

सनातनान् (sanātanān) - eternal, ancient, everlasting

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, perpetual, everlasting

Note: Agrees with 'dharmān'.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - wise, learned, knowing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - knowing, learned, wise

Present Active Participle

From √vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam'.

जिज्ञासमानैः (jijñāsamānaiḥ) - by those wishing to know, by those curious

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jijñāsamāna

jijñāsamāna - desirous of knowing, wishing to understand

Present Middle Participle (Desiderative)

From desiderative stem of √jñā (to know) with suffix -māna.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'putraiḥ ca pautraiḥ ca'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of 'prabrūhi'.

प्रब्रूहि (prabrūhi) - speak fully, declare (speak forth, declare)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of prabrū

Imperative 2nd Person Singular

Prefix: pra

Root: brū (class 2)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, name of a king
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, pre-eminent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra or Yudhishthira, depending on context (likely Dhritarashtra here being questioned).