महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-54, verse-4

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
शरतल्पगते भीष्मे कौरवाणां धुरंधरे ।
आजग्मुरृषयः सिद्धा नारदप्रमुखा नृप ॥४॥

4. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
śaratalpagate bhīṣme kauravāṇāṁ dhuraṁdhare ,
ājagmurṛṣayaḥ siddhā nāradapramukhā nṛpa.

4. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca śaratpalpagate bhīṣme kauravāṇām
dhuraṃdhare ājagmuḥ ṛṣayaḥ siddhāḥ nāradapramukhāḥ nṛpa

4. nṛpa vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca bhīṣme kauravāṇām dhuraṃdhare
śaratpalpagate nāradapramukhāḥ ṛṣayaḥ siddhāḥ ājagmuḥ

4. Vaiśampāyana said: O King, when Bhīṣma, the foremost leader of the Kauravas, was lying on his bed of arrows, sages (ṛṣis) and perfected beings (siddhas), headed by Nārada, arrived.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśampāyana said. (said, spoke)

• शरत्पल्पगते (śaratpalpagate) - Bhīṣma, who was lying on a bed of arrows. (lying on a bed of arrows)

• भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - when Bhīṣma (was...) (in Bhīṣma, regarding Bhīṣma)

• कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the descendants of Kuru (of the Kauravas)

• धुरंधरे (dhuraṁdhare) - the foremost leader, the chief (in the one bearing the burden, among the leaders)

• आजग्मुः (ājagmuḥ) - the sages and perfected beings arrived (they came, they arrived)

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - (holy) sages (sages, seers)

• सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - spiritual adepts, celestial beings (perfected beings, accomplished ones)

• नारदप्रमुखाः (nāradapramukhāḥ) - with Nārada as their leader (headed by Nārada, Nārada foremost)

• नृप (nṛpa) - O King Janamejaya (the addressee of Vaiśampāyana's narration) (O king)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a celebrated sage, a pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata.

उवाच (uvāca) - Vaiśampāyana said. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular, Perfect tense, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

शरत्पल्पगते (śaratpalpagate) - Bhīṣma, who was lying on a bed of arrows. (lying on a bed of arrows)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of śaratpalpagata

śaratpalpagata - lying on a bed of arrows

Past Passive Participle (from gam)

Compound noun modifying Bhīṣma. 'gata' from 'gam' (to go, to be in a state).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+talpa+gata)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• talpa – bed, couch
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived, being in a state
  adjective (Past Passive Participle) (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with 'bhīṣme'.

भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - when Bhīṣma (was...) (in Bhīṣma, regarding Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - "Formidable", name of a prominent character in the Mahābhārata, son of Gaṅgā and Śāntanu.

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

कौरवाणाम् (kauravāṇām) - of the descendants of Kuru (of the Kauravas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru; pertaining to Kuru

Derived from Kuru.

धुरंधरे (dhuraṁdhare) - the foremost leader, the chief (in the one bearing the burden, among the leaders)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dhuraṃdhara

dhuraṁdhara - burden-bearer, leader, chief, foremost

Compound of 'dhur' (burden, yoke) and 'dhara' (bearing, holding).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhur+dhara)

• dhur – burden, yoke, front, chief part
  noun (feminine)
• dhara – bearing, holding, carrying
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root dhṛ
  From root 'dhṛ' (to bear, hold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction, parallel to 'bhīṣme'.

आजग्मुः (ājagmuḥ) - the sages and perfected beings arrived (they came, they arrived)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect active

3rd person plural, Perfect tense, active voice, with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The 'visarga' ('ḥ') is restored from sandhi 'ājagmur'.

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - (holy) sages (sages, seers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, a Vedic hymn composer

Note: The 'visarga' ('ḥ') is restored from sandhi 'ṛṣi'.

सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - spiritual adepts, celestial beings (perfected beings, accomplished ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of siddha

siddha - accomplished, perfected, successful, a perfected being (often semi-divine)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sidh' (to accomplish, succeed).

Root: sidh (class 4)

Note: The 'visarga' ('ḥ') is restored from sandhi.

नारदप्रमुखाः (nāradapramukhāḥ) - with Nārada as their leader (headed by Nārada, Nārada foremost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāradapramukha

nāradapramukha - having Nārada as chief, led by Nārada

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nārada+pramukha)

• nārada – Name of a divine sage, a messenger of the gods, known for his wisdom and musical prowess.
  proper noun (masculine)
• pramukha – foremost, chief, leader
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'pra' (forth) and 'mukha' (face).
  Prefix: pra

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'ṛṣayaḥ siddhāḥ'.

नृप (nṛpa) - O King Janamejaya (the addressee of Vaiśampāyana's narration) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, protector of men

Compound of 'nṛ' (man) and 'pa' (protector).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (derived from root pā) (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'pā' (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 1)