महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-54, verse-10

एष वृद्धः पुरा लोकान्संप्राप्नोति तनुत्यजाम् ।
तं शीघ्रमनुयुञ्जध्वं संशयान्मनसि स्थितान् ॥१०॥

10. eṣa vṛddhaḥ purā lokānsaṁprāpnoti tanutyajām ,
taṁ śīghramanuyuñjadhvaṁ saṁśayānmanasi sthitān.

10. eṣaḥ vṛddhaḥ purā lokān samprāpnoti tanutyajām
tam śīghram anuyuñjadhvam saṃśayān manasi sthitān

10. Before this old man reaches the realms of those who shed their bodies (i.e., departs from this world), quickly question him about the doubts residing in your minds.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (one)

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged; an old man

• पुरा (purā) - before (this event happens) (before, formerly)

• लोकान् (lokān) - the realms of the deceased (worlds, realms)

• सम्प्राप्नोति (samprāpnoti) - he reaches, he attains

• तनुत्यजाम् (tanutyajām) - of those who have died (of those who abandon/cast off their bodies)

• तम् (tam) - him, that one

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

• अनुयुञ्जध्वम् (anuyuñjadhvam) - you (plural) question, interrogate

• संशयान् (saṁśayān) - doubts, uncertainties

• मनसि (manasi) - in the mind, in the heart

• स्थितान् (sthitān) - standing, situated, residing

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Masculine nominative singular form of 'etad'.

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged; an old man

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased; an old man

Past Passive Participle

Masculine nominative singular, from √vṛdh (to grow, increase).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

पुरा (purā) - before (this event happens) (before, formerly)

(indeclinable)

लोकान् (lokān) - the realms of the deceased (worlds, realms)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, space

Masculine plural accusative.

Root: lok (class 1)

सम्प्राप्नोति (samprāpnoti) - he reaches, he attains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √āp

Root with prefixes sam- and pra-; Present tense, 3rd person singular.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

तनुत्यजाम् (tanutyajām) - of those who have died (of those who abandon/cast off their bodies)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tanutyaj

tanutyaj - one who abandons the body, a deceased person

Genitive plural. Compound of 'tanu' (body) and 'tyaj' (one who abandons).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (tanu+tyaj)

• tanu – body, form, person
  noun (feminine)
  Root: tan
• tyaj – one who abandons, one who sacrifices
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From √tyaj (to abandon, forsake).
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him, that one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Masculine accusative singular form of 'tad'.

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial accusative singular neuter.

Note: Functions as an adverb.

अनुयुञ्जध्वम् (anuyuñjadhvam) - you (plural) question, interrogate

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, imperative (loṭ) of √yuj

Root with prefix anu-; Ātmanepada, Imperative mood, 2nd person plural.

Prefix: anu

Root: yuj (class 7)

संशयान् (saṁśayān) - doubts, uncertainties

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion

Masculine plural accusative. From sam- + √śī (to lie, hesitate) or related root.

Prefix: sam

Root: śi (class 5)

मनसि (manasi) - in the mind, in the heart

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, soul, thought

Neuter locative singular.

Root: man (class 4)

स्थितान् (sthitān) - standing, situated, residing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, existing, residing, firm

Past Passive Participle

Masculine plural accusative, from √sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)