महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-324, verse-12

ऋषय ऊचुः ।
धान्यैर्यष्टव्यमित्येष पक्षोऽस्माकं नराधिप ।
देवानां तु पशुः पक्षो मतो राजन्वदस्व नः ॥१२॥

12. ṛṣaya ūcuḥ ,
dhānyairyaṣṭavyamityeṣa pakṣo'smākaṁ narādhipa ,
devānāṁ tu paśuḥ pakṣo mato rājanvadasva naḥ.

12. ṛṣayaḥ ūcuḥ | dhānyaiḥ yaṣṭavyam iti eṣaḥ pakṣaḥ asmākam
narādhipa | devānām tu paśuḥ pakṣaḥ mataḥ rājan vadasva naḥ

12. ṛṣayaḥ ūcuḥ narādhipa dhānyaiḥ yaṣṭavyam iti eṣaḥ asmākam
pakṣaḥ rājan devānām tu paśuḥ pakṣaḥ mataḥ naḥ vadasva

12. The sages said: 'O King, our opinion is that the Vedic ritual (yajña) should be performed with grains. However, the gods consider an animal to be the proper method. O King, please tell us your view.'

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages (sages, inspired poets)

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - said (they said, they spoke)

• धान्यैः (dhānyaiḥ) - by grains (by grains, by cereals)

• यष्टव्यम् (yaṣṭavyam) - should be performed (a Vedic ritual) (that which should be sacrificed/offered, fit for ritual)

• इति (iti) - thus (introducing a statement) (thus, so, in this manner)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (opinion) (this, he)

• पक्षः (pakṣaḥ) - opinion (side, party, wing, opinion, view)

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - our (our, of us)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O ruler of men, O King (ruler of men, king)

• देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

• तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)

• पशुः (paśuḥ) - animal (as sacrificial offering) (animal, cattle, sacrificial animal)

• पक्षः (pakṣaḥ) - method, option (lit. side) (side, party, wing, opinion, view)

• मतः (mataḥ) - considered (the proper method) (thought, considered, agreed upon, opinion)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (king, ruler)

• वदस्व (vadasva) - please tell (speak, say, tell (middle voice))

• नः (naḥ) - to us (us, our, to us)

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages (sages, inspired poets)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, inspired poet, seer

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - said (they said, they spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect 3rd person plural, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

धान्यैः (dhānyaiḥ) - by grains (by grains, by cereals)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of dhānya

dhānya - grain, cereal, corn, wealth

यष्टव्यम् (yaṣṭavyam) - should be performed (a Vedic ritual) (that which should be sacrificed/offered, fit for ritual)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yaṣṭavya

yaṣṭavya - to be worshipped, to be sacrificed, to be offered

Gerundive

Derived from root 'yaj' with the suffix '-tavya'

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Used here impersonally, meaning 'it should be performed/offered'.

इति (iti) - thus (introducing a statement) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (opinion) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

पक्षः (pakṣaḥ) - opinion (side, party, wing, opinion, view)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pakṣa

pakṣa - side, wing, party, opinion, view, fortnight

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - our (our, of us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O ruler of men, O King (ruler of men, king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - ruler of men, king

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, sovereign, lord
  noun (masculine)

देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

तु (tu) - however (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

पशुः (paśuḥ) - animal (as sacrificial offering) (animal, cattle, sacrificial animal)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśu

paśu - animal, cattle, sacrificial victim

पक्षः (pakṣaḥ) - method, option (lit. side) (side, party, wing, opinion, view)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pakṣa

pakṣa - side, wing, party, opinion, view, fortnight

मतः (mataḥ) - considered (the proper method) (thought, considered, agreed upon, opinion)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mata

mata - thought, opinion, idea, considered, agreed upon

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'man' (to think)

Root: man (class 4)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (king, ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

वदस्व (vadasva) - please tell (speak, say, tell (middle voice))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Imperative 2nd person singular, middle voice

Root: vad (class 1)

नः (naḥ) - to us (us, our, to us)

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we