महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-324, verse-3

अजेन यष्टव्यमिति देवाः प्राहुर्द्विजोत्तमान् ।
स च छागो ह्यजो ज्ञेयो नान्यः पशुरिति स्थितिः ॥३॥

3. ajena yaṣṭavyamiti devāḥ prāhurdvijottamān ,
sa ca chāgo hyajo jñeyo nānyaḥ paśuriti sthitiḥ.

3. ajena yaṣṭavyam iti devāḥ prāhuḥ dvijottamān saḥ ca
chāgaḥ hi ajaḥ jñeyaḥ na anyaḥ paśuḥ iti sthitiḥ

3. devāḥ dvijottamān prāhuḥ ajena yaṣṭavyam iti saḥ ca
chāgaḥ hi ajaḥ jñeyaḥ na anyaḥ paśuḥ iti sthitiḥ

3. "One should perform the Vedic ritual (yajña) with an 'aja'," the gods said to the foremost among the twice-born. "And indeed, that 'aja' should be known as a goat, not any other animal," this is the established rule.

Words meanings summery:

• अजेन (ajena) - by an 'aja' (ambiguous term for goat/unborn) (by a goat; by the unborn)

• यष्टव्यम् (yaṣṭavyam) - a Vedic ritual (yajña) should be performed (should be offered, should be worshipped, should be performed)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (quotation marker)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they said

• द्विजोत्तमान् (dvijottamān) - to the best of the Brahmins (to the best of the twice-born)

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• च (ca) - and, also

• छागः (chāgaḥ) - goat

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• अजः (ajaḥ) - the word 'aja' (used here to mean goat) (goat; unborn)

• ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - should be known, ought to be known, understandable

• न (na) - not, no

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

• पशुः (paśuḥ) - animal, cattle

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (quotation marker)

• स्थितिः (sthitiḥ) - established rule, position, state

Words meanings and morphology

अजेन (ajena) - by an 'aja' (ambiguous term for goat/unborn) (by a goat; by the unborn)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aja

aja - goat; unborn; unbegotten; leader

From root √aj (to drive) or from a- (not) + √jan (to be born)

यष्टव्यम् (yaṣṭavyam) - a Vedic ritual (yajña) should be performed (should be offered, should be worshipped, should be performed)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yaj

yaj - to worship, to offer, to sacrifice, to perform a Vedic ritual

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root √yaj (to worship, sacrifice), suffix -tavya

Root: yaj (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

देवाः (devāḥ) - the gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they said

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of pra-bru

Perfect Active

From root √bru (to speak) with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: bru (class 2)

द्विजोत्तमान् (dvijottamān) - to the best of the Brahmins (to the best of the twice-born)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvijottama

dvijottama - best of the twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas); best of birds

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya); bird; tooth
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

छागः (chāgaḥ) - goat

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chāga

chāga - goat

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

अजः (ajaḥ) - the word 'aja' (used here to mean goat) (goat; unborn)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aja

aja - goat; unborn; unbegotten; leader

From root √aj (to drive) or from a- (not) + √jan (to be born)

ज्ञेयः (jñeyaḥ) - should be known, ought to be known, understandable

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñeya

jñeya - to be known, knowable, understandable, recognizable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root √jñā (to know), suffix -eya

Root: jñā (class 9)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

पशुः (paśuḥ) - animal, cattle

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśu

paśu - animal, cattle, sacrificial animal, beast

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

स्थितिः (sthitiḥ) - established rule, position, state

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sthiti

sthiti - standing, position, state, condition, established rule, fixed state

From root √sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)