महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-142, verse-36

कथं नु खलु कर्तव्यमिति चिन्तापरः सदा ।
बभूव भरतश्रेष्ठ गर्हयन्वृत्तिमात्मनः ॥३६॥

36. kathaṁ nu khalu kartavyamiti cintāparaḥ sadā ,
babhūva bharataśreṣṭha garhayanvṛttimātmanaḥ.

36. katham nu khalu kartavyam iti cintāparaḥ sadā |
babhūva bharataśreṣṭha garhayan vṛttim ātmanaḥ

36. "katham nu khalu kartavyam iti" [iti cintayan saḥ] sadā cintāparaḥ babhūva.
(he) bharataśreṣṭha,
ātmanaḥ vṛttim garhayan (āsīt).

36. "How indeed should this be accomplished?" — constantly pondering thus, he became deeply worried, O best of the Bharatas, criticizing his own means of subsistence.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what way?

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then, an interrogative particle

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly, surely

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done, ought to be done, duty

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

• चिन्तापरः (cintāparaḥ) - absorbed in thought, thoughtful, worried

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

• बभूव (babhūva) - he became, he was

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of Bharatas

• गर्हयन् (garhayan) - censuring, blaming, condemning

• वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood, conduct, mode of life

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, one's own (ātman)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how? in what way?

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then, an interrogative particle

(indeclinable)

खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly, surely

(indeclinable)

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done, ought to be done, duty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, fit to be done

Gerundive

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

(indeclinable)

चिन्तापरः (cintāparaḥ) - absorbed in thought, thoughtful, worried

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cintāpara

cintāpara - absorbed in thought, given to thought

Compound type : tatpurusha (cintā+para)

• cintā – thought, reflection, worry
  noun (feminine)
  Root: cit (class 10)
• para – devoted to, intent on, focused on
  adjective (masculine)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever, constantly

(indeclinable)

बभूव (babhūva) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of Bharatas

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best of Bharatas

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of an ancient king, a member of the Bharata dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)

गर्हयन् (garhayan) - censuring, blaming, condemning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of garh

garh - to censure, to blame

Present Active Participle

Root: garh (class 1)

वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood, conduct, mode of life

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - livelihood, conduct, mode of life

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, one's own (ātman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit (ātman)