महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-142, verse-3

वातवर्षं महच्चासीन्न चागच्छति मे प्रिया ।
किं नु तत्कारणं येन साद्यापि न निवर्तते ॥३॥

3. vātavarṣaṁ mahaccāsīnna cāgacchati me priyā ,
kiṁ nu tatkāraṇaṁ yena sādyāpi na nivartate.

3. vātavarṣam mahat ca āsīt na ca āgacchati me priyā
kim nu tat kāraṇam yena sā adya api na nivartate

3. mahat vātavarṣam ca āsīt ca me priyā na āgacchati
kim nu tat kāraṇam yena sā adya api na nivartate

3. "There was heavy wind and rain, and my beloved (priyā) is not coming. What indeed is that reason by which she still does not return?"

Words meanings summery:

• वातवर्षम् (vātavarṣam) - wind and rain, storm

• महत् (mahat) - great, heavy, strong

• च (ca) - and

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, there was

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and

• आगच्छति (āgacchati) - comes, approaches

• मे (me) - my, to me

• प्रिया (priyā) - beloved, dear one (wife)

• किम् (kim) - what

• नु (nu) - indeed, pray, now

• तत् (tat) - that

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause

• येन (yena) - by which, because of which

• सा (sā) - she

• अद्य (adya) - today

• अपि (api) - even, also, still

• न (na) - not

• निवर्तते (nivartate) - returns, turns back

Words meanings and morphology

वातवर्षम् (vātavarṣam) - wind and rain, storm

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vātavarṣa

vātavarṣa - wind and rain, storm

Compound type : dvandva (vāta+varṣa)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'āsīt'.

महत् (mahat) - great, heavy, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, heavy, strong

Note: Adjective for vātavarṣam.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'great' to 'there was'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, there was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active

Imperfect (laṅ), 3rd person singular, active voice, from root 'as'

Root: as (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'āgacchati'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

आगच्छति (āgacchati) - comes, approaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present Active

Present (laṭ), 3rd person singular, active voice, from root 'gam' with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

मे (me) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Alternative form for mama (genitive).

प्रिया (priyā) - beloved, dear one (wife)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of priyā

priyā - beloved (female), wife

Feminine form of 'priya'

Note: Subject of 'āgacchati'.

किम् (kim) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun, acting as predicate nominative to 'kāraṇam'.

नु (nu) - indeed, pray, now

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, adjective for 'kāraṇam'.

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

येन (yena) - by which, because of which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who

Note: Refers to 'kāraṇam'.

सा (sā) - she

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the wife.

अद्य (adya) - today

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

अपि (api) - even, also, still

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'nivartate'.

निवर्तते (nivartate) - returns, turns back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present Middle

Present (laṭ), 3rd person singular, middle voice, from root 'vṛt' with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)