महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-142, verse-12

न सा स्त्रीत्यभिभाषा स्याद्यस्या भर्ता न तुष्यति ।
अग्निसाक्षिकमप्येतद्भर्ता हि शरणं स्त्रियः ॥१२॥

12. na sā strītyabhibhāṣā syādyasyā bhartā na tuṣyati ,
agnisākṣikamapyetadbhartā hi śaraṇaṁ striyaḥ.

12. na sā strī iti abhibhāṣā syāt yasyāḥ bhartā na tuṣyati
agnisākṣikam api etat bhartā hi śaraṇam striyaḥ

12. yasyāḥ bhartā na tuṣyati,
sā strī iti abhibhāṣā na syāt.
agnisākṣikam api etat,
hi bhartā striyaḥ śaraṇam

12. She should not be called a wife (strī) if her husband is not pleased. Even though the marriage is witnessed by fire, a husband is indeed the refuge of a woman.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

• स्त्री (strī) - wife (woman, wife)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, marking direct speech

• अभिभाषा (abhibhāṣā) - appellation, designation, address

• स्यात् (syāt) - should be (may be, should be, would be)

• यस्याः (yasyāḥ) - whose, of whom (feminine)

• भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, supporter

• न (na) - not, no

• तुष्यति (tuṣyati) - is pleased, is satisfied

• अग्निसाक्षिकम् (agnisākṣikam) - having fire as witness, witnessed by fire

• अपि (api) - even though (even, also, too)

• एतत् (etat) - this (marriage) (this, that)

• भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, supporter

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection, shelter

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - of a woman (of a woman, of women)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

स्त्री (strī) - wife (woman, wife)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

इति (iti) - thus, so, marking direct speech

(indeclinable)

अभिभाषा (abhibhāṣā) - appellation, designation, address

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of abhibhāṣā

abhibhāṣā - designation, address, speech

from root bhāṣ with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

स्यात् (syāt) - should be (may be, should be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Mood

3rd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

यस्याः (yasyāḥ) - whose, of whom (feminine)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, supporter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, supporter, master

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तुष्यति (tuṣyati) - is pleased, is satisfied

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tuṣ

Present Indicative

3rd person singular

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

अग्निसाक्षिकम् (agnisākṣikam) - having fire as witness, witnessed by fire

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of agnisākṣika

agnisākṣika - having fire as witness

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (agni+sākṣin)

• agni – fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)
• sākṣin – witness
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used here in an adverbial sense, qualifying the verb implicitly, referring to the marriage being witnessed by fire.

अपि (api) - even though (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (marriage) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to the concept of marriage or this situation.

भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, supporter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, supporter, master

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, protection, shelter

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, protection, shelter, home

Root: śṛ (class 1)

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - of a woman (of a woman, of women)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

Note: Genitive singular of strī.