महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-142, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
अथ वृक्षस्य शाखायां विहंगः ससुहृज्जनः ।
दीर्घकालोषितो राजंस्तत्र चित्रतनूरुहः ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atha vṛkṣasya śākhāyāṁ vihaṁgaḥ sasuhṛjjanaḥ ,
dīrghakāloṣito rājaṁstatra citratanūruhaḥ.

1. bhīṣma uvāca atha vṛkṣasya śākhāyām vihaṃgaḥ sasuhṛjjanaḥ
dīrghakāla uṣitaḥ rājan tatra citratanūruhaḥ

1. bhīṣma uvāca rājan atha tatra vṛkṣasya śākhāyām
dīrghakāla uṣitaḥ sasuhṛjjanaḥ citratanūruhaḥ vihaṃgaḥ

1. Bhishma said: "O king, there was a multi-colored bird who, along with its companions, had resided for a long time on the branch of a tree."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

• वृक्षस्य (vṛkṣasya) - of the tree

• शाखायाम् (śākhāyām) - on the branch

• विहंगः (vihaṁgaḥ) - bird

• ससुहृज्जनः (sasuhṛjjanaḥ) - with friends/kin, accompanied by friends/kin

• दीर्घकाल (dīrghakāla) - long time

• उषितः (uṣitaḥ) - dwelt, resided, stayed

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• चित्रतनूरुहः (citratanūruhaḥ) - having multi-colored feathers

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru elder)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

root 'vac' (2nd conj.)

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

वृक्षस्य (vṛkṣasya) - of the tree

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

शाखायाम् (śākhāyām) - on the branch

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śākhā

śākhā - branch, arm

विहंगः (vihaṁgaḥ) - bird

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihaṃga

vihaṁga - bird (lit. going in the sky)

From vi- + han (root) + ga (suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: gam (class 1)

ससुहृज्जनः (sasuhṛjjanaḥ) - with friends/kin, accompanied by friends/kin

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sasuhṛjjana

sasuhṛjjana - having friends, with friends/kin

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+suhṛj+jana)

• sa – with, together
  indeclinable
• suhṛj – friend
  noun (masculine)
• jana – person, people, kin
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective for vihaṃgaḥ

दीर्घकाल (dīrghakāla) - long time

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīrghakāla

dīrghakāla - long time, long period

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dīrgha+kāla)

• dīrgha – long
  adjective
• kāla – time
  noun (masculine)

Note: First part of the compound `dīrghakāloṣitaḥ` which means 'dwelled for a long time'. `dīrghakāla` is used adverbially here.

उषितः (uṣitaḥ) - dwelt, resided, stayed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uṣita

uṣita - dwelt, resided, stayed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vas' (to dwell) with an irregular formation 'u'

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Adjective for vihaṃgaḥ, part of the compound `dīrghakāloṣitaḥ` (dwelt for a long time).

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that)

चित्रतनूरुहः (citratanūruhaḥ) - having multi-colored feathers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of citratanūruha

citratanūruha - having variegated feathers (lit. body-hairs)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (citra+tanū+ruha)

• citra – varied, multi-colored, wonderful
  adjective
• tanū – body
  noun (feminine)
• ruha – growing, hair, feather
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ruh' (to grow)
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Adjective for vihaṃgaḥ