महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-142, verse-23

उवाच च स्वागतं ते ब्रूहि किं करवाण्यहम् ।
संतापश्च न कर्तव्यः स्वगृहे वर्तते भवान् ॥२३॥

23. uvāca ca svāgataṁ te brūhi kiṁ karavāṇyaham ,
saṁtāpaśca na kartavyaḥ svagṛhe vartate bhavān.

23. uvāca ca svāgatam te brūhi kim karavāṇi aham
saṃtāpaḥ ca na kartavyaḥ svagṛhe vartate bhavān

23. ca uvāca te svāgatam.
brūhi kim aham karavāṇi.
ca saṃtāpaḥ na kartavyaḥ; bhavān svagṛhe vartate.

23. And he said, "Welcome to you! Tell me, what may I do for you? Do not feel any distress, for you are in your own home."

Words meanings summery:

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, spoke)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcome (welcome, well-come)

• ते (te) - to you (to you, for you (dative singular of 'tvam'); by you (genitive/locative singular of 'tvam'); your (genitive singular of 'tvam'))

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (me) (tell, speak (imperative 2nd singular))

• किम् (kim) - what (what, which, why)

• करवाणि (karavāṇi) - may I do (may I do, should I do)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• संतापः (saṁtāpaḥ) - distress (distress, suffering, grief, heat)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be done (or felt) (to be done, ought to be done, duty)

• स्वगृहे (svagṛhe) - in your own home (in one's own house, at home)

• वर्तते (vartate) - you are (present) (is, exists, happens, dwells)

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful) (you (respectful), sir)

Words meanings and morphology

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

Root 'vac' (to speak), 3rd person singular active perfect.

Root: vac (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

स्वागतम् (svāgatam) - welcome (welcome, well-come)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svāgata

svāgata - well-come, welcome, auspicious arrival

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+āgata)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• āgata – come, arrived, approached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'ā' + 'gam' (to go) with suffix -ta.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used interjectionally.

ते (te) - to you (to you, for you (dative singular of 'tvam'); by you (genitive/locative singular of 'tvam'); your (genitive singular of 'tvam'))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell (me) (tell, speak (imperative 2nd singular))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of brū

Imperative

Root 'brū' (to speak), 2nd person singular active imperative.

Root: brū (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what (what, which, why)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Object of 'karavāṇi'.

करवाणि (karavāṇi) - may I do (may I do, should I do)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative

Root 'kṛ' (to do), 1st person singular active imperative (loṭ).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used to ask for instructions or offer service.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

संतापः (saṁtāpaḥ) - distress (distress, suffering, grief, heat)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃtāpa

saṁtāpa - distress, pain, sorrow, grief, torment, heat

Derived from 'sam' + 'tap' (to heat, torment).

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of the negated 'kartavyaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be done (or felt) (to be done, ought to be done, duty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, fit to be done, duty, obligation

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

From root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix -tavya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used in a prohibitive sense 'should not be felt'.

स्वगृहे (svagṛhe) - in your own home (in one's own house, at home)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of svagṛha

svagṛha - one's own house or home

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+gṛha)

• sva – one's own, own
  pronoun (neuter)
• gṛha – house, home, dwelling
  noun (neuter)

वर्तते (vartate) - you are (present) (is, exists, happens, dwells)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present

Root 'vṛt' (to be, exist), 3rd person singular middle present.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The subject 'bhavān' is 2nd person, but 'vartate' is 3rd person singular to agree with 'bhavān' (a respectful pronoun which declines as a present participle in nominative singular, essentially a third person subject grammatically).

भवान् (bhavān) - you (respectful) (you (respectful), sir)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (respectful), being, existing

Present Active Participle (used as a pronoun)

From root 'bhū' (to be), used as a polite second-person pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Grammatically treated as a third-person noun for verb agreement.