महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-142, verse-2

तस्य काल्यं गता भार्या चरितुं नाभ्यवर्तत ।
प्राप्तां च रजनीं दृष्ट्वा स पक्षी पर्यतप्यत ॥२॥

2. tasya kālyaṁ gatā bhāryā carituṁ nābhyavartata ,
prāptāṁ ca rajanīṁ dṛṣṭvā sa pakṣī paryatapyata.

2. tasya kālyam gatā bhāryā caritum na abhyavartata
prāptām ca rajanīm dṛṣṭvā saḥ pakṣī paryatapyata

2. tasya bhāryā kālyam caritum gatā na abhyavartata
ca prāptām rajanīm dṛṣṭvā saḥ pakṣī paryatapyata

2. His wife, who had left in the morning to forage, did not return. And upon seeing the night arrive, that bird lamented.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of that

• काल्यम् (kālyam) - in the morning, at dawn

• गता (gatā) - gone, departed

• भार्या (bhāryā) - wife

• चरितुम् (caritum) - to move about, to forage, to wander

• न (na) - not, no

• अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - returned, turned back

• प्राप्ताम् (prāptām) - arrived, reached

• च (ca) - and

• रजनीम् (rajanīm) - night

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• पक्षी (pakṣī) - bird

• पर्यतप्यत (paryatapyata) - grieved, lamented, suffered

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the bird.

काल्यम् (kālyam) - in the morning, at dawn

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kālya

kālya - early, relating to time, morning

From 'kāla' (time)

Note: Accusative of time, meaning 'during the morning'.

गता (gatā) - gone, departed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, passed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adjective for bhāryā.

भार्या (bhāryā) - wife

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife (lit. one to be supported/nourished)

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

चरितुम् (caritum) - to move about, to forage, to wander

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of car

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root 'car'

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - returned, turned back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect Middle

Imperfect (laṅ), 3rd person singular, middle voice, from root 'vṛt' with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ā'

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

प्राप्ताम् (prāptām) - arrived, reached

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From pra- + root 'āp' (to obtain)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Adjective for rajanīm.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

रजनीम् (rajanīm) - night

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root 'dṛś'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the bird.

पक्षी (pakṣī) - bird

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird (lit. having wings)

From 'pakṣa' (wing)

Note: Subject of 'paryatapyata'.

पर्यतप्यत (paryatapyata) - grieved, lamented, suffered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of tap

Imperfect Middle

Imperfect (laṅ), 3rd person singular, middle voice, from root 'tap' with prefix 'pari'

Prefix: pari

Root: tap (class 1)