महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-23, verse-20

पालयानः पितुः शास्त्रमूर्ध्वरेता महायशाः ।
एष शांतनवः शेते माधवाप्रतिमो युधि ॥२०॥

20. pālayānaḥ pituḥ śāstramūrdhvaretā mahāyaśāḥ ,
eṣa śāṁtanavaḥ śete mādhavāpratimo yudhi.

20. pālayānaḥ pituḥ śāstram ūrdhvaretāḥ mahāyaśāḥ
eṣaḥ śāntanavaḥ śete mādhavāpratimaḥ yudhi

20. eṣaḥ śāntanavaḥ pituḥ śāstram pālayānaḥ
ūrdhvaretāḥ mahāyaśāḥ yudhi mādhavāpratimaḥ śete

20. This son of Śantanu, Bhīṣma, who upheld his father's vow (śāstra) and was a celibate (ūrdhvaretā) of great renown, now lies on the battlefield, a warrior whose prowess was unequaled even by Madhava (Kṛṣṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• पालयानः (pālayānaḥ) - protecting, observing, maintaining

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

• शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - vow (specifically Bhīṣma's vow of celibacy) (command, instruction, sacred text, treatise, vow)

• ऊर्ध्वरेताः (ūrdhvaretāḥ) - one who has preserved his vital energy, a celibate

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - greatly famous, illustrious

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhīṣma (son of Śantanu, Bhīṣma)

• शेते (śete) - lies, rests

• माधवाप्रतिमः (mādhavāpratimaḥ) - unequaled even by Madhava (Kṛṣṇa) (unequaled by Madhava, incomparable to Madhava)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

Words meanings and morphology

पालयानः (pālayānaḥ) - protecting, observing, maintaining

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pālayāna

pālayāna - protecting, observing, maintaining

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pāl (to protect) with śānac suffix.

Root: pāl (class 10)

पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - vow (specifically Bhīṣma's vow of celibacy) (command, instruction, sacred text, treatise, vow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śāstra

śāstra - command, instruction, sacred text, treatise

ऊर्ध्वरेताः (ūrdhvaretāḥ) - one who has preserved his vital energy, a celibate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ūrdhvaretas

ūrdhvaretas - one who has preserved his vital energy, a celibate

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ūrdhva+retas)

• ūrdhva – raised, upper
  adjective
• retas – seed, vital fluid
  noun (neuter)

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - greatly famous, illustrious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - greatly famous, illustrious

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• yaśas – fame, glory
  noun (neuter)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Bhīṣma (son of Śantanu, Bhīṣma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - son of Śantanu, Bhīṣma

शेते (śete) - lies, rests

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Root: śī (class 2)

माधवाप्रतिमः (mādhavāpratimaḥ) - unequaled even by Madhava (Kṛṣṇa) (unequaled by Madhava, incomparable to Madhava)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mādhavāpratima

mādhavāpratima - unequaled by Madhava, incomparable to Madhava

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (mādhava+apratima)

• mādhava – descendant of Madhu, Kṛṣṇa
  proper noun (masculine)
• apratima – unequaled, peerless
  adjective

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, war