महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-23, verse-2

यस्त्वया स्पर्धते नित्यं सर्वत्र पुरुषर्षभ ।
स एष निहतः शेते मद्रराजो महारथः ॥२॥

2. yastvayā spardhate nityaṁ sarvatra puruṣarṣabha ,
sa eṣa nihataḥ śete madrarājo mahārathaḥ.

2. yaḥ tvayā spardhate nityam sarvatra puruṣarṣabha
saḥ eṣaḥ nihataḥ śete madrarājaḥ mahārathaḥ

2. puruṣarṣabha yaḥ madrarājaḥ mahārathaḥ nityam
sarvatra tvayā spardhate saḥ eṣaḥ nihataḥ śete

2. O bull among men (puruṣarṣabha), that very king of Madra, the great charioteer, who constantly competed with you everywhere, now lies slain.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to Salya) (who, which)

• त्वया (tvayā) - with you (Duryodhana) (by you, with you)

• स्पर्धते (spardhate) - competes (with you) (competes, rivals, vies)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly (constantly, always, perpetually)

• सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere (everywhere, in every place)

• पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O bull among men (vocative, addressed to Duryodhana) (O bull among men, O best of men)

• सः (saḥ) - that (Salya) (that, he)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (one, here) (this, he)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - slain (slain, killed)

• शेते (śete) - lies (dead) (lies, rests)

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - the king of Madra (Salya) (king of Madras (proper noun))

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer (great charioteer, warrior)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to Salya) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

त्वया (tvayā) - with you (Duryodhana) (by you, with you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

स्पर्धते (spardhate) - competes (with you) (competes, rivals, vies)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of spardh

Present Middle

3rd person singular Present Middle form of root spardh

Root: spardh (class 1)

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly (constantly, always, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

सर्वत्र (sarvatra) - everywhere (everywhere, in every place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from sarva (all) with locative suffix -tra

पुरुषर्षभ (puruṣarṣabha) - O bull among men (vocative, addressed to Duryodhana) (O bull among men, O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - bull among men, excellent man, best of men

Compound type : upameya-tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best
  noun (masculine)

सः (saḥ) - that (Salya) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (one, here) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

निहतः (nihataḥ) - slain (slain, killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill) with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

शेते (śete) - lies (dead) (lies, rests)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present Middle

3rd person singular Present Middle form of root śī (to lie down)

Root: śī (class 2)

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - the king of Madra (Salya) (king of Madras (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras (a region); Salya

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (madra+rāja)

• madra – Madra (name of a country and its people)
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer (great charioteer, warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors from a single chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior
  noun (masculine)