महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-23, verse-1

गान्धार्युवाच ।
एष शल्यो हतः शेते साक्षान्नकुलमातुलः ।
धर्मज्ञेन सता तात धर्मराजेन संयुगे ॥१॥

1. gāndhāryuvāca ,
eṣa śalyo hataḥ śete sākṣānnakulamātulaḥ ,
dharmajñena satā tāta dharmarājena saṁyuge.

1. gāndhārī uvāca eṣaḥ śalyaḥ hataḥ śete sākṣāt
nakulamātulaḥ dharmajñena satā tāta dharmarājena saṃyuge

1. gāndhārī uvāca tāta eṣaḥ sākṣāt nakulamātulaḥ śalyaḥ
hataḥ śete dharmajñena satā dharmarājena saṃyuge

1. Gandhari spoke: "Dear child (tāta), this Salya, Nakula's own maternal uncle, lies slain in battle by the righteous Dharmaraja (Yudhishthira), the knower of natural law (dharma)."

Words meanings summery:

• गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gandhari, the queen of Dhritarashtra (Gandhari (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (Salya) (this, he)

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Salya (name of the king of Madra) (Salya (proper noun), spear)

• हतः (hataḥ) - slain (slain, killed, struck)

• शेते (śete) - lies (dead) (lies, rests, sleeps)

• साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - indeed, directly (directly, in person, visibly)

• नकुलमातुलः (nakulamātulaḥ) - Nakula's maternal uncle

• धर्मज्ञेन (dharmajñena) - by the knower of natural law (dharma)

• सता (satā) - by the righteous (one) (by the good, by the righteous)

• तात (tāta) - dear child (vocative, addressed to Duryodhana) (dear child, father, darling)

• धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by Dharmaraja (Yudhishthira) (by Dharmaraja, by the king of natural law (dharma))

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

Words meanings and morphology

गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gandhari, the queen of Dhritarashtra (Gandhari (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gandhari (name of the queen of Dhritarashtra)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular Perfect active form of root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (Salya) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Salya (name of the king of Madra) (Salya (proper noun), spear)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Salya (a king); spear, dart

हतः (hataḥ) - slain (slain, killed, struck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

शेते (śete) - lies (dead) (lies, rests, sleeps)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present Middle

3rd person singular Present Middle form of root śī (to lie down)

Root: śī (class 2)

साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - indeed, directly (directly, in person, visibly)

(indeclinable)

नकुलमातुलः (nakulamātulaḥ) - Nakula's maternal uncle

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nakulamātula

nakulamātula - maternal uncle of Nakula

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nakula+mātula)

• nakula – Nakula (one of the Pandavas)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mātula – maternal uncle
  noun (masculine)

धर्मज्ञेन (dharmajñena) - by the knower of natural law (dharma)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of natural law (dharma), righteous

Compound of dharma (natural law) and jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

सता (satā) - by the righteous (one) (by the good, by the righteous)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, good, righteous, true

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be) with present participle suffix -at

Root: as (class 2)

तात (tāta) - dear child (vocative, addressed to Duryodhana) (dear child, father, darling)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, dear child, darling (term of endearment)

धर्मराजेन (dharmarājena) - by Dharmaraja (Yudhishthira) (by Dharmaraja, by the king of natural law (dharma))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - Yama (god of death), Yudhishthira, king of natural law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, war, conflict

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)