महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-23, verse-10

एष शैलालयो राजा भगदत्तः प्रतापवान् ।
गजाङ्कुशधरः श्रेष्ठः शेते भुवि निपातितः ॥१०॥

10. eṣa śailālayo rājā bhagadattaḥ pratāpavān ,
gajāṅkuśadharaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ śete bhuvi nipātitaḥ.

10. eṣaḥ śailālayaḥ rājā bhagadattaḥ pratāpavān
gajāṅkuśadharaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ śete bhuvi nipātitaḥ

10. eṣaḥ śailālayaḥ pratāpavān gajāṅkuśadharaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ rājā bhagadattaḥ nipātitaḥ bhuvi śete.

10. This is King Bhagadatta, the powerful and foremost mountain-dweller and wielder of the elephant-goad, who now lies struck down on the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to Bhagadatta) (this, this one)

• शैलालयः (śailālayaḥ) - mountain-dweller (referring to Bhagadatta, king of Pragjyotisha, a mountainous region) (mountain-dweller; one whose abode is a mountain)

• राजा (rājā) - king (Bhagadatta) (king)

• भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - Bhagadatta (a king from the Mahabharata) (Bhagadatta (proper noun))

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful (referring to Bhagadatta) (powerful, glorious, majestic)

• गजाङ्कुशधरः (gajāṅkuśadharaḥ) - wielder of an elephant-goad (referring to Bhagadatta, known for his elephant army) (wielder of an elephant-goad)

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - foremost (referring to Bhagadatta) (best, foremost, excellent)

• शेते (śete) - lies (on the ground) (lies, rests, sleeps)

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth (on the earth, on the ground)

• निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - struck down (in battle) (struck down, felled, thrown down)

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (referring to Bhagadatta) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eṣa

eṣa - this, this one

शैलालयः (śailālayaḥ) - mountain-dweller (referring to Bhagadatta, king of Pragjyotisha, a mountainous region) (mountain-dweller; one whose abode is a mountain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śailālaya

śailālaya - mountain-dweller; one whose abode is a mountain

Compound of śaila (mountain) and ālaya (abode)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śaila+ālaya)

• śaila – mountain, rock
  noun (masculine)
• ālaya – abode, dwelling, house
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √lī (to cling, hide) with upasarga ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: lī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with rājā/Bhagadattaḥ.

राजा (rājā) - king (Bhagadatta) (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

भगदत्तः (bhagadattaḥ) - Bhagadatta (a king from the Mahabharata) (Bhagadatta (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagadatta

bhagadatta - Bhagadatta (name of a king, son of Naraka)

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - powerful (referring to Bhagadatta) (powerful, glorious, majestic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - powerful, glorious, majestic, splendid

Derived from pratāpa (power, glory) with possessive suffix -vat

Note: Agrees with rājā/Bhagadattaḥ.

गजाङ्कुशधरः (gajāṅkuśadharaḥ) - wielder of an elephant-goad (referring to Bhagadatta, known for his elephant army) (wielder of an elephant-goad)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gajāṅkuśadhara

gajāṅkuśadhara - wielder of an elephant-goad

Compound of gaja (elephant), aṅkuśa (goad) and dhara (bearer)

Compound type : tatpurusha (gaja+aṅkuśa+dhara)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• aṅkuśa – goad (for elephants)
  noun (masculine)
• dhara – bearing, holding, wearing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root √dhṛ (to hold, bear)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rājā/Bhagadattaḥ.

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - foremost (referring to Bhagadatta) (best, foremost, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, foremost, most excellent, chief

Superlative form of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Agrees with rājā/Bhagadattaḥ.

शेते (śete) - lies (on the ground) (lies, rests, sleeps)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of śī

Present tense, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada

Root √śī (to lie, sleep), class 2 verb

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Subject is Bhagadattaḥ.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the earth (on the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land

निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - struck down (in battle) (struck down, felled, thrown down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - struck down, felled, thrown down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √pat (to fall) with upasarga ni- and causative suffix -i, then participle suffix -ta

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rājā/Bhagadattaḥ.