महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-23, verse-11

यस्य रुक्ममयी माला शिरस्येषा विराजते ।
श्वापदैर्भक्ष्यमाणस्य शोभयन्तीव मूर्धजान् ॥११॥

11. yasya rukmamayī mālā śirasyeṣā virājate ,
śvāpadairbhakṣyamāṇasya śobhayantīva mūrdhajān.

11. yasya rukmamayī mālā śirasi eṣā virājate
śvāpadaiḥ bhakṣyamāṇasya śobhayantī iva mūrdhajān

11. yasya śirasi eṣā rukmamayī mālā virājate,
(sā idānīm) śvāpadaiḥ bhakṣyamāṇasya (tasya) mūrdhajān śobhayantī iva.

11. This golden garland (rukma-mayī mālā), which shines upon his head, now appears to adorn the hair of him who is being devoured by beasts of prey.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - whose (referring to Bhagadatta) (whose, of which)

• रुक्ममयी (rukmamayī) - golden (garland) (made of gold, golden)

• माला (mālā) - garland (garland, necklace, wreath)

• शिरसि (śirasi) - on the head

• एषा (eṣā) - this (garland) (this, this one)

• विराजते (virājate) - shines (on his head) (shines forth, gleams, is distinguished)

• श्वापदैः (śvāpadaiḥ) - by beasts of prey (by beasts of prey, by carnivorous animals)

• भक्ष्यमाणस्य (bhakṣyamāṇasya) - of him who is being devoured (Bhagadatta) (of one being eaten, of one being devoured)

• शोभयन्ती (śobhayantī) - adorning (the hair) (adorning, beautifying, causing to shine)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as if, as)

• मूर्धजान् (mūrdhajān) - hair (of Bhagadatta) (hair of the head)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - whose (referring to Bhagadatta) (whose, of which)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Refers to Bhagadatta, the implied subject.

रुक्ममयी (rukmamayī) - golden (garland) (made of gold, golden)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rukmamaya

rukmamaya - made of gold, golden

Derived from rukma (gold) with suffix -maya (made of)

Note: Feminine form agreeing with mālā.

माला (mālā) - garland (garland, necklace, wreath)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mālā

mālā - garland, necklace, wreath

शिरसि (śirasi) - on the head

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

एषा (eṣā) - this (garland) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of eṣā

eṣā - this, this one

Note: Agrees with mālā.

विराजते (virājate) - shines (on his head) (shines forth, gleams, is distinguished)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of virāj

Present tense, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada

Root √rāj (to shine, rule) with upasarga vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject is mālā.

श्वापदैः (śvāpadaiḥ) - by beasts of prey (by beasts of prey, by carnivorous animals)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śvāpada

śvāpada - beast of prey, carnivorous animal

Compound of śvan (dog) and pada (foot/track)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śvan+pada)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, step, track
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agent of bhakṣyamāṇasya.

भक्ष्यमाणस्य (bhakṣyamāṇasya) - of him who is being devoured (Bhagadatta) (of one being eaten, of one being devoured)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhakṣyamāṇa

bhakṣyamāṇa - being eaten, being devoured

Present Passive Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root √bhakṣ (to eat) with passive suffix -yamāṇa

Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'tasya' (his, Bhagadatta's).

शोभयन्ती (śobhayantī) - adorning (the hair) (adorning, beautifying, causing to shine)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śobhayat

śobhayat - adorning, beautifying, causing to shine

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from root √śubh (to shine, be beautiful) in its causative form (śobhayati)

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with mālā.

इव (iva) - as if (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

मूर्धजान् (mūrdhajān) - hair (of Bhagadatta) (hair of the head)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mūrdhaja

mūrdhaja - hair of the head

Compound of mūrdhan (head) and ja (born from)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mūrdhan+ja)

• mūrdhan – head, top
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from (suffix)
  suffix (masculine)
  Derived from root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of śobhayantī.