महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-43, verse-9

ततः परमसंविग्ना स्वसा नागपतेस्तु सा ।
अतिदुःखान्विता वाचं तमुवाचैवमस्त्विति ॥९॥

9. tataḥ paramasaṁvignā svasā nāgapatestu sā ,
atiduḥkhānvitā vācaṁ tamuvācaivamastviti.

9. tataḥ paramasaṃvignā svasā nāgapateḥ tu sā
atiduḥkhānvitā vācam tam uvāca evam astu iti

9. Then, the sister of the Naga lord, greatly agitated and overwhelmed with sorrow, said to him, 'So be it.'

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, therefrom, after that)

• परमसंविग्ना (paramasaṁvignā) - greatly agitated (extremely agitated, greatly distressed)

• स्वसा (svasā) - the sister (sister)

• नागपतेः (nāgapateḥ) - of the Naga lord (of the lord of serpents, of the Naga king)

• तु (tu) - (emphatic particle) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• सा (sā) - she (the sister) (she, that)

• अतिदुःखान्विता (atiduḥkhānvitā) - overwhelmed with sorrow (greatly sorrowful, overwhelmed with pain)

• वाचम् (vācam) - words, speech (word, speech, voice)

• तम् (tam) - to him (referring to the husband) (him, that (masc. acc.))

• उवाच (uvāca) - she said/spoke (he/she said, spoke)

• एवम् (evam) - "So" (as in "so be it") (thus, so, in this manner)

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be so (let it be, may it be)

• इति (iti) - (quote indicator) (thus, so, indicates direct speech or quotation)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon (then, therefrom, after that)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' + 'tas' suffix

परमसंविग्ना (paramasaṁvignā) - greatly agitated (extremely agitated, greatly distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paramasaṃvigna

paramasaṁvigna - extremely agitated, greatly disturbed, deeply distressed

compound, descriptive

tatpuruṣa compound: 'parama' (supreme, extreme) + 'saṃvigna' (agitated, distressed)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+saṃvigna)

• parama – supreme, highest, greatest, extreme
  adjective
  superlative
• saṃvigna – agitated, alarmed, distressed, disturbed
  adjective (feminine)
  past passive participle
  From root vij (to tremble, be agitated) with prefix 'sam' + kta suffix
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'svasā'.

स्वसा (svasā) - the sister (sister)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of svasṛ

svasṛ - sister

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

नागपतेः (nāgapateḥ) - of the Naga lord (of the lord of serpents, of the Naga king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nāgapati

nāgapati - lord of serpents, Naga king

tatpuruṣa compound: 'nāga' (serpent) + 'pati' (lord)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nāga+pati)

• nāga – serpent, cobra, elephant
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, defining whose sister she is.

तु (tu) - (emphatic particle) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Often implies a slight contrast or emphasis.

सा (sā) - she (the sister) (she, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the sister of the Naga lord.

अतिदुःखान्विता (atiduḥkhānvitā) - overwhelmed with sorrow (greatly sorrowful, overwhelmed with pain)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of atiduḥkhānvita

atiduḥkhānvita - filled with great sorrow, extremely afflicted by pain

compound, descriptive

Bahuvrihi or Tatpurusha compound: 'ati' (excessive) + 'duḥkha' (sorrow) + 'anvita' (accompanied by, filled with). Effectively 'anu' + 'ita' + 'duḥkha' + 'ati'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+duḥkha+anvita)

• ati – over, beyond, excessive, very
  indeclinable (prefix)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, unhappiness
  noun (neuter)
• anvita – accompanied by, connected with, endowed with, filled with
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From anu + root i (to go) + kta suffix
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'svasā'.

वाचम् (vācam) - words, speech (word, speech, voice)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - voice, speech, word, language

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'uvāca'.

तम् (tam) - to him (referring to the husband) (him, that (masc. acc.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of verbal action, here meaning "to him".

उवाच (uvāca) - she said/spoke (he/she said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect

Root vac, class 2

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The subject is 'svasā'.

एवम् (evam) - "So" (as in "so be it") (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of direct speech.

अस्तु (astu) - let it be so (let it be, may it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

imperative

Root as, class 2

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Part of direct speech.

इति (iti) - (quote indicator) (thus, so, indicates direct speech or quotation)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of the quotation "evam astu".