महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-43, verse-15

किं नु मे सुकृतं भूयाद्भर्तुरुत्थापनं न वा ।
दुःखशीलो हि धर्मात्मा कथं नास्यापराध्नुयाम् ॥१५॥

15. kiṁ nu me sukṛtaṁ bhūyādbharturutthāpanaṁ na vā ,
duḥkhaśīlo hi dharmātmā kathaṁ nāsyāparādhnuyām.

15. kim nu me sukṛtam bhūyāt bhartuḥ utthāpanam na vā
duḥkhaśīlaḥ hi dharmātmā katham na asya aparādhnuyām

15. What good action should I perform? Should I awaken my husband or not? For he is indeed prone to anger, though righteous. How can I avoid offending him?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what (good action)? (what? why?)

• नु (nu) - indeed (emphasizing the question/dilemma) (now, indeed, then)

• मे (me) - for me, my (to me, for me, my)

• सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - good action, merit (that I should perform) (good deed, merit, virtuous action)

• भूयात् (bhūyāt) - should it be (what I do) (may it be, should it be)

• भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of my husband (Jaratskāru) (of the husband, lord, maintainer)

• उत्थापनम् (utthāpanam) - awakening (him) (awakening, causing to rise)

• न (na) - or not (not, no)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• दुःखशीलः (duḥkhaśīlaḥ) - prone to anger, difficult to please (of sorrowful nature, easily angered, difficult to please)

• हि (hi) - for, indeed (indeed, for, because)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - though righteous, virtuous (righteous soul, virtuous, whose soul is dharma)

• कथम् (katham) - how (can I avoid)? (how? in what way?)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अस्य (asya) - him (Jaratskāru) (of him, to him)

• अपराध्नुयाम् (aparādhnuyām) - may I offend (him) (may I offend, should I offend, may I fail)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what (good action)? (what? why?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what? which? why?

नु (nu) - indeed (emphasizing the question/dilemma) (now, indeed, then)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle.

मे (me) - for me, my (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, my

Note: Enclitic form of dative/genitive singular of asmad.

सुकृतम् (sukṛtam) - good action, merit (that I should perform) (good deed, merit, virtuous action)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukṛta

sukṛta - good deed, virtuous action, merit

past passive participle (nominalized)

from root kṛ

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+kṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, action, deed
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  from root kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

भूयात् (bhūyāt) - should it be (what I do) (may it be, should it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (āśīrliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses a wish or deliberation.

भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of my husband (Jaratskāru) (of the husband, lord, maintainer)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, lord, maintainer, supporter

agent noun

from root bhṛ

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

उत्थापनम् (utthāpanam) - awakening (him) (awakening, causing to rise)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of utthāpana

utthāpana - awakening, raising, causing to stand up

action noun (causative)

from root sthā

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

न (na) - or not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

दुःखशीलः (duḥkhaśīlaḥ) - prone to anger, difficult to please (of sorrowful nature, easily angered, difficult to please)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhaśīla

duḥkhaśīla - of sorrowful nature, easily angered, difficult to please

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (duḥkha+śīla)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery, difficulty
  noun (neuter)
• śīla – nature, character, disposition, habit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Jaratskāru.

हि (hi) - for, indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating reason or emphasis.

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - though righteous, virtuous (righteous soul, virtuous, whose soul is dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous soul, virtuous, whose soul is dharma

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Jaratskāru.

कथम् (katham) - how (can I avoid)? (how? in what way?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - him (Jaratskāru) (of him, to him)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Dative singular, object of aparādhnuyām, meaning 'offend against him'.

अपराध्नुयाम् (aparādhnuyām) - may I offend (him) (may I offend, should I offend, may I fail)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of aparādh

Prefixes: apa+rādh

Root: rādh (class 5)

Note: Expresses potential or deliberation.