महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-16, verse-21

तस्मिंश्च भ्राम्यमाणेऽद्रौ संघृष्यन्तः परस्परम् ।
न्यपतन्पतगोपेताः पर्वताग्रान्महाद्रुमाः ॥२१॥

21. tasmiṁśca bhrāmyamāṇe'drau saṁghṛṣyantaḥ parasparam ,
nyapatanpatagopetāḥ parvatāgrānmahādrumāḥ.

21. tasmin ca bhrāmyamāṇe adrau saṅghṛṣyantaḥ parasparam
nyapatan patagopetāḥ parvatāgrāt mahādrumāḥ

21. And as that mountain was being churned, huge trees, along with their birds, fell from its peaks, constantly grinding against each other.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that (mountain) (in that, on that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• भ्राम्यमाणे (bhrāmyamāṇe) - while being churned/rotated (being rotated, being whirled, being moved)

• अद्रौ (adrau) - on the mountain (Mandara) (on the mountain)

• सङ्घृष्यन्तः (saṅghṛṣyantaḥ) - (trees) rubbing against each other (rubbing against, colliding with, grinding)

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other (each other, mutually)

• न्यपतन् (nyapatan) - (trees) fell down (they fell down, descended)

• पतगोपेताः (patagopetāḥ) - along with (their) birds (accompanied by birds, having birds)

• पर्वताग्रात् (parvatāgrāt) - from the mountain's summit (from the mountain peak)

• महाद्रुमाः (mahādrumāḥ) - huge trees (great trees)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that (mountain) (in that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to adri (mountain).

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

भ्राम्यमाणे (bhrāmyamāṇe) - while being churned/rotated (being rotated, being whirled, being moved)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhrāmyamāṇa

bhrāmyamāṇa - being turned, being whirled, being moved around

present passive participle

from root bhram

Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Agreement with adrau.

अद्रौ (adrau) - on the mountain (Mandara) (on the mountain)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of adri

adri - mountain, stone

Note: Denotes the location of the action.

सङ्घृष्यन्तः (saṅghṛṣyantaḥ) - (trees) rubbing against each other (rubbing against, colliding with, grinding)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṅghṛṣyat

saṅghṛṣyat - rubbing together, colliding, grinding

present active participle

from root ghṛṣ

Prefix: sam

Root: ghṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agreement with mahādrumāḥ.

परस्परम् (parasparam) - each other (each other, mutually)

(pronoun)

Accusative of paraspara

paraspara - mutual, each other

Note: Functions adverbially.

न्यपतन् (nyapatan) - (trees) fell down (they fell down, descended)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ni-pat

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject is mahādrumāḥ.

पतगोपेताः (patagopetāḥ) - along with (their) birds (accompanied by birds, having birds)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of patagopeta

patagopeta - accompanied by birds, having birds

past passive participle

pataga (bird) + upeta (endowed with, accompanied by)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pataga+upeta)

• pataga – bird (lit. going through air)
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root pat (to fly)
  Root: pat (class 1)
• upeta – accompanied by, furnished with, gone to
  participle
  past passive participle
  from root i (to go)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agreement with mahādrumāḥ.

पर्वताग्रात् (parvatāgrāt) - from the mountain's summit (from the mountain peak)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of parvatāgra

parvatāgra - mountain peak, summit of a mountain

Compound type : tatpurusha (parvata+agra)

• parvata – mountain
  noun (masculine)
• agra – tip, summit, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Source of falling.

महाद्रुमाः (mahādrumāḥ) - huge trees (great trees)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahādruma

mahādruma - great tree

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+druma)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of nyapatan.