योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-68, verse-31

यत्सुखं दुःखमेवाहुः क्षणनाशानुभूतिभिः ।
अकृत्रिममनाद्यन्तं यत्सुखं तत्सुखं विदुः ॥ ३१ ॥

yatsukhaṃ duḥkhamevāhuḥ kṣaṇanāśānubhūtibhiḥ ,
akṛtrimamanādyantaṃ yatsukhaṃ tatsukhaṃ viduḥ 31

31. yat sukham duḥkham eva āhuḥ kṣaṇanāśānubhūtibhiḥ
akṛtrimam anādyantam yat sukham tat sukham viduḥ

31. yat sukham kṣaṇanāśānubhūtibhiḥ duḥkham eva āhuḥ,
yat sukham akṛtrimam anādyantam,
tat sukham viduḥ

31. That which is called happiness, they indeed declare to be suffering due to its experiences of momentary perishing. That happiness which is natural and without beginning or end, that they know as true happiness.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, what)

• सुखम् (sukham) - worldly happiness (happiness, joy, pleasant)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, sorrow, pain, misery)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, certainly)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare, they call)

• क्षणनाशानुभूतिभिः (kṣaṇanāśānubhūtibhiḥ) - due to its experiences of momentary perishing (by experiences of momentary destruction/perishability)

• अकृत्रिमम् (akṛtrimam) - natural (not artificial, natural, genuine, real)

• अनाद्यन्तम् (anādyantam) - without beginning or end (without beginning or end, eternal, infinite)

• यत् (yat) - that which (which, what)

• सुखम् (sukham) - true happiness (happiness, joy, pleasant)

• तत् (tat) - that (happiness) (that)

• सुखम् (sukham) - true happiness (happiness, joy, pleasant)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know (as true happiness) (they know, they understand)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - that which (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun.

सुखम् (sukham) - worldly happiness (happiness, joy, pleasant)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, ease, pleasant

Note: Subject of the implied predicate (is).

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, sorrow, pain, misery)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, sorrow, pain, misery, difficulty

Note: Predicate nominative for sukham.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to wise people or common understanding.

क्षणनाशानुभूतिभिः (kṣaṇanāśānubhūtibhiḥ) - due to its experiences of momentary perishing (by experiences of momentary destruction/perishability)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of kṣaṇanāśānubhūti

kṣaṇanāśānubhūti - experience of momentary destruction

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣaṇa+nāśa+anubhūti)

• kṣaṇa – moment, instant
  noun (masculine)
• nāśa – destruction, ruin, loss, perishability
  noun (masculine)
  From naś + ghañ
  Root: naś (class 4)
• anubhūti – experience, perception, feeling
  noun (feminine)
  From anu-bhū + ktin
  Prefix: anu
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Denotes the cause or reason for calling worldly happiness suffering.

अकृत्रिमम् (akṛtrimam) - natural (not artificial, natural, genuine, real)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akṛtrima

akṛtrima - not artificial, natural, genuine, real, spontaneous

na (not) + kṛtrima (artificial)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+kṛtrima)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• kṛtrima – artificial, factitious, made, adopted
  adjective (neuter)
  From kṛ + trima
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies sukham (true happiness).

अनाद्यन्तम् (anādyantam) - without beginning or end (without beginning or end, eternal, infinite)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anādyanta

anādyanta - without beginning or end, eternal, infinite

na (not) + ādi (beginning) + anta (end)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (anādi+ananta)

• anādi – without beginning, eternal
  adjective (neuter)
  na (not) + ādi (beginning)
• ananta – endless, infinite, boundless
  adjective (neuter)
  na (not) + anta (end)

Note: Modifies sukham (true happiness).

यत् (yat) - that which (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun.

सुखम् (sukham) - true happiness (happiness, joy, pleasant)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, ease, pleasant

Note: Subject of the implied predicate (is).

तत् (tat) - that (happiness) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun for yat (2nd occurrence), object of viduḥ.

सुखम् (sukham) - true happiness (happiness, joy, pleasant)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, ease, pleasant

Note: Predicate nominative for tat.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know (as true happiness) (they know, they understand)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vid

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural of vid

Root: vid (class 2)