योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-33, verse-22

अजितात्मा जनो मूढो रूढो भोगैककर्दमे ।
आपदां पात्रतामेति पयसामिव सागरः ॥ २२ ॥

ajitātmā jano mūḍho rūḍho bhogaikakardame ,
āpadāṃ pātratāmeti payasāmiva sāgaraḥ 22

22. ajitātmā janaḥ mūḍhaḥ rūḍhaḥ bhogaikakardame
āpadām pātratām eti payasām iva sāgaraḥ

22. ajitātmā mūḍhaḥ janaḥ bhogaikakardame rūḍhaḥ
āpadām pātratām eti payasām iva sāgaraḥ

22. A foolish person, whose inner self (ātman) is uncontrolled and who is deeply entrenched in the sole mud of material enjoyments, becomes a suitable receptacle for misfortunes, just as the ocean becomes a receptacle for waters.

Words meanings summery:

• अजितात्मा (ajitātmā) - one whose self is unconquered, uncontrolled mind

• जनः (janaḥ) - person, man, people

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish, deluded, ignorant

• रूढः (rūḍhaḥ) - grown, deeply rooted, steeped, accustomed

• भोगैककर्दमे (bhogaikakardame) - in the sole mud of enjoyment

• आपदाम् (āpadām) - of calamities, misfortunes

• पात्रताम् (pātratām) - suitability, worthiness, state of being a receptacle

• एति (eti) - attains, goes to, reaches

• पयसाम् (payasām) - of waters

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• सागरः (sāgaraḥ) - ocean

Words meanings and morphology

अजितात्मा (ajitātmā) - one whose self is unconquered, uncontrolled mind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajitātman

ajitātman - one whose self is unconquered, uncontrolled mind

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ajita+ātman)

• ajita – unconquered, not subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ji with negative prefix a-.
  Prefix: a
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, mind
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Modifies janaḥ.

जनः (janaḥ) - person, man, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, man, creature, folk

From root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - foolish, deluded, ignorant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - foolish, bewildered, ignorant, stupid

Past Passive Participle

From root muh (to be bewildered, confused).

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Modifies janaḥ.

रूढः (rūḍhaḥ) - grown, deeply rooted, steeped, accustomed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rūḍha

rūḍha - grown, ascended, customary, famous, deeply rooted

Past Passive Participle

From root ruh (to grow, ascend).

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Modifies janaḥ.

भोगैककर्दमे (bhogaikakardame) - in the sole mud of enjoyment

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhogaikakardama

bhogaikakardama - the sole mud of enjoyment, mire of singular enjoyment

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bhoga+eka+kardama)

• bhoga – enjoyment, experience, possession, food
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhuj (to enjoy, eat).
  Root: bhuj (class 7)
• eka – one, single, unique, sole
  adjective (masculine)
• kardama – mud, mire, dirt
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the state or condition the person is rūḍhaḥ in.

आपदाम् (āpadām) - of calamities, misfortunes

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress

From ā-pad (to fall into, go towards).

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Possessive, 'of calamities'.

पात्रताम् (pātratām) - suitability, worthiness, state of being a receptacle

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pātratā

pātratā - suitability, fitness, worthiness, capacity, state of being a vessel/receptacle

From pātra (vessel, worthy) + suffix tā (state of being).

Note: Object of eti.

एति (eti) - attains, goes to, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

Present Active Indicative

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Verb for janaḥ.

पयसाम् (payasām) - of waters

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of payas

payas - water, milk, fluid

From root pī (to swell).

Root: pī (class 4)

Note: Used in comparison with sāgaraḥ.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

सागरः (sāgaraḥ) - ocean

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

Note: In comparison with janaḥ.