योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-10, verse-37

आलोक आगते यादृक्तमस्तद्दृश्यते तथा ।
याऽवस्तुत्वे त्वविद्यायास्त्ववस्तुत्वं प्रतीयते ॥ ३७ ॥

āloka āgate yādṛktamastaddṛśyate tathā ,
yā'vastutve tvavidyāyāstvavastutvaṃ pratīyate 37

37. āloke āgate yādṛk tamas tat dṛśyate tathā | yā
avastutve tu avidyāyāḥ tu avastutvam pratīyate ||

37. āloke āgate yādṛk tamas tat tathā dṛśyate tu
yā avidyāyāḥ avastutve tu avastutvam pratīyate

37. When light arrives, whatever darkness is perceived, that very darkness is seen to vanish. But the unreality of ignorance (avidyā) is indeed understood as its inherent insubstantiality.

Words meanings summery:

• आलोके (āloke) - in light, when light (is present)

• आगते (āgate) - having come, having arrived, when arrived

• यादृक् (yādṛk) - of what kind, whatever kind

• तमस् (tamas) - darkness, gloom, ignorance

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the darkness (`tamas`). (that)

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen to vanish/disappear (is seen, appears, is perceived)

• तथा (tathā) - in that manner (of vanishing or non-existence) (similarly, so, thus, in that manner)

• या (yā) - referring to `avidyā` (ignorance) (which (feminine))

• अवस्तुत्वे (avastutve) - in non-substantiality, in unreality

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• अविद्यायाः (avidyāyāḥ) - of ignorance (avidyā)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• अवस्तुत्वम् (avastutvam) - non-substantiality, unreality, lack of essence

• प्रतीयते (pratīyate) - is understood, is perceived, is recognized

Words meanings and morphology

आलोके (āloke) - in light, when light (is present)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āloka

āloka - light, vision, sight

from root `lok` (to see) with prefix `ā`

Prefix: ā

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

आगते (āgate) - having come, having arrived, when arrived

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

Past Passive Participle

formed from root `gam` (to go) with prefix `ā`

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

यादृक् (yādṛk) - of what kind, whatever kind

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yādṛś

yādṛś - of what appearance, of what sort, whatsoever

derived from pronominal stem `ya` and suffix `dṛś` (seeing)

Root: dṛś

Note: `yādṛk` is the nominative/accusative singular neuter form.

तमस् (tamas) - darkness, gloom, ignorance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, one of the three guṇas

Root: tam

Note: Subject of `dṛśyate`.

तत् (tat) - Refers to the darkness (`tamas`). (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen to vanish/disappear (is seen, appears, is perceived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

verb form of root `dṛś` in passive voice

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - in that manner (of vanishing or non-existence) (similarly, so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

या (yā) - referring to `avidyā` (ignorance) (which (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Serves as the relative pronoun for `avidyā` (ignorance).

अवस्तुत्वे (avastutve) - in non-substantiality, in unreality

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of avastutva

avastutva - non-substantiality, unreality, lack of essence

derived from `avastu` (non-thing) + `tva` (suffix for abstract noun)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vastu+tva)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
  negation
• vastu – thing, object, substance, reality
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vas
• tva – -ness, -hood (suffix forming abstract nouns)
  suffix (neuter)
  Taddhita suffix
  Forms abstract nouns.

Note: Locative of state or condition.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or adversative particle.

अविद्यायाः (avidyāyāḥ) - of ignorance (avidyā)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of avidyā

avidyā - ignorance, nescience, spiritual ignorance, illusion (māyā)

negation of `vidyā` (knowledge)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vidyā)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
  negation
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (feminine)
  from root `vid` (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or adversative particle.

अवस्तुत्वम् (avastutvam) - non-substantiality, unreality, lack of essence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avastutva

avastutva - non-substantiality, unreality, lack of essence

derived from `avastu` (non-thing) + `tva` (suffix for abstract noun)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vastu+tva)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
  negation
• vastu – thing, object, substance, reality
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vas
• tva – -ness, -hood (suffix forming abstract nouns)
  suffix (neuter)
  Taddhita suffix
  Forms abstract nouns.

Note: Subject of `pratīyate`.

प्रतीयते (pratīyate) - is understood, is perceived, is recognized

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pratī

verb form of root `i` (to go) with prefix `prati` (towards, against) in passive/middle voice

Prefix: prati

Root: i (class 2)