योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-72, verse-30

यदृश्यं तदसत्सद्वा दृष्टिमेकामुपाश्रितम् ।
अन्यत्त्वलेपकं तस्माद्धर्षशोकदृशौ कुतः ॥ ३० ॥

yadṛśyaṃ tadasatsadvā dṛṣṭimekāmupāśritam ,
anyattvalepakaṃ tasmāddharṣaśokadṛśau kutaḥ 30

30. yat dṛśyam tat asat sat vā dṛṣṭim ekām upāśritam
| anyat tu alepakam tasmāt harṣaśokadṛśau kutaḥ

30. ekām dṛṣṭim upāśritam yat dṛśyam,
tat asat vā sat.
anyat tu alepakam.
tasmāt harṣaśokadṛśau kutaḥ?

30. Whatever is seen is either existent or non-existent, depending on a single perspective. But the other (reality, i.e., the seer) is undefiled. Therefore, how can there be perceptions of joy and sorrow?

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever, that which)

• दृश्यम् (dṛśyam) - whatever is seen (object) (the seen, the visible, an object of sight)

• तत् (tat) - that (seen object) (that, it)

• असत् (asat) - non-existent (non-existent, unreal, false)

• सत् (sat) - existent (existent, real, true, good)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• दृष्टिम् (dṛṣṭim) - perspective (view, sight, perception, perspective)

• एकाम् (ekām) - a single (one, single, unique)

• उपाश्रितम् (upāśritam) - dependent on (dependent on, resorting to, based on)

• अन्यत् (anyat) - the other (reality, i.e., the seer) (other, another)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• अलेपकम् (alepakam) - undefiled (undefiled, unattached, non-sticking)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• हर्षशोकदृशौ (harṣaśokadṛśau) - perceptions of joy and sorrow (views/perceptions of joy and sorrow)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - how can there be? (implying absence) (from where, whence, why, how)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever, that which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever

Note: Refers to `dṛśyam`.

दृश्यम् (dṛśyam) - whatever is seen (object) (the seen, the visible, an object of sight)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛśya

dṛśya - visible, that which is seen, an object of sight

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that (seen object) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, such

असत् (asat) - non-existent (non-existent, unreal, false)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false, evil

Present Active Participle (negative)

From root as (to be) with negative prefix a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-, un- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• sat – existent, real, true, being
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  From root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Can also function as a noun.

सत् (sat) - existent (existent, real, true, good)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - existent, real, true, good, being

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Can also function as a noun.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

दृष्टिम् (dṛṣṭim) - perspective (view, sight, perception, perspective)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dṛṣṭi

dṛṣṭi - sight, view, perception, perspective, vision

Root: dṛś (class 1)

एकाम् (ekām) - a single (one, single, unique)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, sole, unique

Note: Agrees with `dṛṣṭim`.

उपाश्रितम् (upāśritam) - dependent on (dependent on, resorting to, based on)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upāśrita

upāśrita - dependent on, resorting to, leaning upon, related to

Past Passive Participle

from upa-ā-śri

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `tat` (the seen object).

अन्यत् (anyat) - the other (reality, i.e., the seer) (other, another)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anyad

anyad - other, another, different

Note: Refers to the non-objective reality, the pure consciousness/seer.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce a contrast.

अलेपकम् (alepakam) - undefiled (undefiled, unattached, non-sticking)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of alepaka

alepaka - not plastering, not staining, undefiled, unattached

Prefix: a

Root: lip (class 6)

Note: Agrees with `anyat`.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, such

Note: Functions adverbially as 'therefore'.

हर्षशोकदृशौ (harṣaśokadṛśau) - perceptions of joy and sorrow (views/perceptions of joy and sorrow)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of harṣaśokadṛś

harṣaśokadṛś - view or perception of joy and sorrow

Compound type : dvandva (harṣa+śoka+dṛś)

• harṣa – joy, delight, exultation
  noun (masculine)
  action noun from root hṛṣ
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  action noun from root śuc
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• dṛś – seeing, sight, perception, view
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The dual form suggests 'both joy and sorrow' or 'the two views (of joy and sorrow)'.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - how can there be? (implying absence) (from where, whence, why, how)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used interrogatively, often implying impossibility or absurdity.