योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-72, verse-10

भूतपञ्चकविक्षोभनाशोत्पादेषु हे जनाः ।
हर्षामर्षविषादानां किं भवन्तो वशं गताः ॥ १० ॥

bhūtapañcakavikṣobhanāśotpādeṣu he janāḥ ,
harṣāmarṣaviṣādānāṃ kiṃ bhavanto vaśaṃ gatāḥ 10

10. bhūtapñcakavikṣobhanāśotpādeṣu he janāḥ
harṣāmarṣaviṣādānām kim bhavantaḥ vaśam gatāḥ

10. he janāḥ,
bhūtapñcakavikṣobhanāśotpādeṣu harṣāmarṣaviṣādānām vaśam kim bhavantaḥ gatāḥ

10. Oh people, why do you fall under the sway of joy, anger, and sorrow when there is agitation, destruction, or creation of the five elements?

Words meanings summery:

• भूतप्ञ्चकविक्षोभनाशोत्पादेषु (bhūtapñcakavikṣobhanāśotpādeṣu) - in the agitation, destruction, and creation of the five elements

• हे (he) - oh!, alas!

• जनाः (janāḥ) - O people, O beings

• हर्षामर्षविषादानाम् (harṣāmarṣaviṣādānām) - of joys, angers, and sorrows

• किम् (kim) - why? what?

• भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - you (plural, respectful)

• वशम् (vaśam) - control, sway, power

• गताः (gatāḥ) - come under the sway (of) (gone, attained, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

भूतप्ञ्चकविक्षोभनाशोत्पादेषु (bhūtapñcakavikṣobhanāśotpādeṣu) - in the agitation, destruction, and creation of the five elements

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhūtapñcakavikṣobhanāśotpāda

bhūtapñcakavikṣobhanāśotpāda - agitation, destruction, and creation of the five elements

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (bhūtapñcaka+vikṣobha+nāśa+utpāda)

• bhūta – element, being
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū- 'to be'
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• pañcaka – group of five
  noun (neuter)
  From pañcan (five) + ka (suffix)
• vikṣobha – agitation, disturbance
  noun (masculine)
  From vi + kṣubh- 'to shake'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṣubh (class 4)
• nāśa – destruction, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  From root naś- 'to perish'
  Root: naś (class 4)
• utpāda – production, creation, origin
  noun (masculine)
  From ut + pad- 'to go, arise'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Refers to the occasions when these events occur.

हे (he) - oh!, alas!

(indeclinable)

जनाः (janāḥ) - O people, O beings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - people, man, creature, being

From root jan- 'to be born'.

Root: jan (class 4)

हर्षामर्षविषादानाम् (harṣāmarṣaviṣādānām) - of joys, angers, and sorrows

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of harṣāmarṣaviṣāda

harṣāmarṣaviṣāda - joy, anger, and sorrow (as a collective)

Compound type : dvandva (harṣa+amarṣa+viṣāda)

• harṣa – joy, delight, happiness
  noun (masculine)
  From root hṛṣ- 'to thrill'
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• amarṣa – anger, impatience, indignation
  noun (masculine)
  From a (neg.) + mṛṣ- 'to endure'
  Prefix: a
  Root: mṛṣ (class 4)
• viṣāda – despondency, dejection, sorrow
  noun (masculine)
  From vi + sad- 'to sink'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Governed by vaśam.

किम् (kim) - why? what?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle/pronoun.

भवन्तः (bhavantaḥ) - you (plural, respectful)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (polite address)

Present Active Participle

From root bhū- 'to be'. Used as a pronoun of polite address.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb gatāḥ.

वशम् (vaśam) - control, sway, power

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, control, power, dominion

Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Object of gatāḥ.

गताः (gatāḥ) - come under the sway (of) (gone, attained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, reached, obtained, past

Past Passive Participle

From root gam- 'to go'.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bhavantaḥ.